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Digital Archive International History Declassified

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Cold War Origins

This collection of primary source documents discusses international relations during World War II and the years shortly after. It begins with the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact signed in 1939 and ends with documents from the 1950’s. The collection contains a wide variety of documents including agreements, memorandums, meeting minutes, cables, letters, diary entries, and military reports from WWII. The documents mainly come from Russian and Bulgarian archives. See also the End of the Cold War. (Image, Clement Attlee, Harry Truman, and Joseph Stalin at the Potsdam Conference, July 1945, NARA, Army Signal Corps Collection, USA C-186)

  • September 01, 1939

    Secret Texts of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Non-Aggression Pact, 1939

    Secret Texts of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Non-Aggression Pact, 1939

  • May 09, 1940

    Memorandum to the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU on Troop Strength Orders for the Red Army, 9 May 1940

    Memorandum to the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU on Troop strength orders for the Red Army, May 9, 1940. Proposals for strengthening of Soviet armed forces.

  • January 29, 1941

    Notes from the Meeting between Comrade Stalin and Economists Concerning Questions in Political Economy, 29 January 1941

    Notes from L.A. Leont’ev's January 1941 meeting with Stalin, regarding drafts of two commissioned textbooks on political economy. Stalin gives his views on "planning", "wages", "fascism", and other issues.

  • August, 1941

    Report by Vyshinsky to Molotov Concerning Trade and Economic Cooperation Between the Soviet Union and the United States

    Report by Vyshinsky to Molotov concerning trade and economic cooperation between the Soviet Union and the United States, August 1941

  • May 11, 1944

    State Defense Committee Decree No. 5859ss - On the Crimean Tatars

    Acts of the Crimean Tatars during the Second World War and their subsequent punishment.

  • May 21, 1944

    Report from Mikoyan to Stalin and Molotov regarding Lend-Lease shipments from the United States from 1 October 1941 to 1 May 1944

    Report from Mikoyan to Stalin and Molotov, 21 May 1944, on Lend-Lease shipments from the United States between 1 October 1941 and 1 May 1944.

  • November 19, 1944

    Defense Ministry Intelligence Report on the Domestic Political Situation in Bulgaria

    A Defense Ministry intelligence report on the domestic political developments for the month of October 1944. Among the discussed issues are the activities of the anti-communist opposition, the popular perception toward the Soviet occupation and the state of the armed forces.

  • February 06, 1945

    Letter from President Roosevelt to Stalin on an Acceptable Compromise Regarding the Composition of the Postwar Polish Government, 6 February 1945

    Letter from President Roosevelt to Stalin on an Acceptable Compromise Regarding the Composition of the Postwar Polish Government; discussing Soviet actions and the Polish government.

  • February 11, 1945

    Yalta Conference Agreement, Declaration of a Liberated Europe

    The text of the agreements reached at the Yalta (Crimea) Conference between President Roosevelt, Prime Minister Churchill and Generalissimo Stalin.

  • May 08, 1945

    Act of Military Surrender, Germany

    English text of the official act of military surrender to the Allied and Soviet forces signed by German High Command.

  • July 14, 1945

    Secret Soviet Instructions on Measures to Carry out Special Assignments throughout Southern Azerbaijan and the Northern Provinces of Iran in an attempt to set the basis for a separatist movement in Northern Iran.

    Soviet document with instructions on creating the Azerbaijan Democratic Party in provinces in Southern Azerbaijan and Northern Iran. The Soviet leadership suggests that the mass media

  • October 26, 1945

    Defense Ministry Intelligence Report on the Domestic Political Situation in Bulgaria

    A Defense Ministry intelligence report on the domestic political developments for the month of September, 1945. The report presents the activities of the Fatherland Front government, the efforts of the opposition to discredit Fatherland Front’s policies; the acts of industrial sabotage of armed resistance groups; the work of foreign propaganda and the latest incidents in the armed forces.

  • January 25, 1946

    Notes on the discussion between I.V. Kurchatov, lead scientist for the Soviet nuclear effort, and Stalin.

    Kurchatov's notes on his meeting with Stalin, Molotov and Beria. Stalin promises the all necessary help to the soviet effort to build an atomic bomb. He suggests that the project should be build on "a Russian scale," without concerns for cost saving.

  • February 02, 1946

    George Kennan's "Long Telelgram"

    Ambassador George F. Kennan writes to the Secretary of State with a lengthy analysis of Soviet policy in an attempt to explain their recent uncooperative behavior. This message would later become famous as the "long telegram."

  • February 09, 1946

    Speech Delivered by Stalin at a Meeting of Voters of the Stalin Electoral District, Moscow

    English translation of Stalin's 1946 "election" speech.

  • March 05, 1946

    Churchhill's "Iron Curtain" Speech, "Sinews of Peace"

    Text of speech given by Churchill at Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri in which he first used the phrase "iron curtain."

  • May 17, 1946

    Speech by Mátyás Rákosi, General Secretary of the Hungarian Communist Party at the Meeting of the Central Committee, 17 May 1946

    Speech by Mátyás Rákosi, General Secretary of the Hungarian Communist Party at the Meeting of the Central Committee, 17 May 1946.

  • May 25, 1946

    Memorandum from M. Litvinov to Stalin, 25 May 1946

    Memorandum from M. Litvinov to Stalin, 25 May 1946. Memorandum discusses comments on the American “Draft Treaties” and the provisions set up for Japan and Germany post-Potsdam.

  • July 04, 1946

    Report from DS Chief in Sliven Region on Disclosed Military Conspiracy

    A report on the investigation of a political conspiracy, said to be organized by Metodiy Chavdarov, a colonel at the Sliven garrison. The arrested colonel and his accomplices allegedly conspired to overthrow the Fatherland Front government, once the Soviet troops leave the country.

  • August 22, 1946

    Report from DS Chief in Stara Zagora Region on Arrests of Military

    A memo to the head of the People’s ''Militsiya'' with information on the on-going purges in the Bulgarian military. Purportedly pro-fascist officers have established a broad network of conspirators committed to overthrowing the Fatherland Front government.