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Digital Archive International History Declassified

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Sino-Soviet Relations

This is a collection of primary source documents that discuss the Soviet-Chinese relationship during the Cold War. Composed largely of cables, memos, and telegrams, this collection spans 1947 to 1989, and the majority of the items are from Russian archival sources. Beginning with secret conversations between Stalin and Mao (often using pseudonyms), the initial development of a Sino-Communist outlook and Soviet alliance is highlighted. Later conversations between Chinese and Soviet leaders show China's changing role in international relations and military matters. See also Chinese Foreign Policy and the Sino-Soviet Split. (Image, Soviet propaganda poster, "Friends Forever.")

  • June 15, 1947

    Cable, Stalin [Kuznetsov] to Mao Zedong [via Terebin]

    Stalin, writing under the pseudonym “Fyodor Kuznetsov,” who was Stalin’s Chief of the GRU, tells “Terebin,” actually Soviet doctor and operative in Yan’an Andrei Orlov, to arrange a secret meeting in Moscow with Mao Zedong.

  • July 01, 1947

    Cable, Stalin [Kuznetsov] to Mao Zedong [via Terebin]

    Stalin, using the name of Chief of the GRU, Fyodor Kuznetsov, tells Terebin, actually Soviet operative in Yan'an Andrei Orlov, to delay Mao's secret visit to Moscow.

  • December 16, 1947

    Cable, Stalin [Kuznetsov] to Mao Zedong [via Terebin]

    Stalin, using the name of Fyodor Kuznetsov, Chief of the GRU, officially invites Mao Zedong to Moscow. Stalin does so through Andrei Orlov, acting under the name "Terebin."

  • December 17, 1947

    Cable, Terebin to Stalin [via Kuznetsov]

    Terebin (Andrei Orlov) returns Kuznetsov's (Stalin) cable concerning a visit to Moscow by Mao. Terebin gives Mao's response to the invitation and tells of a discussion that took place between himself and Mao after Stalin's message was relayed.

  • April 20, 1948

    Cable, Stalin [Kuznetsov] to Mao Zedong [via Terebin]

    Stalin responds to two letters from Mao, via Terebin (Andrei Orlov). In the cable, Stalin gives advice to Mao on what to do with opposing parties once the Chinese revolution is complete and whether or not Mao should include the liberal bourgeosie in China's central government.

  • April 22, 1948

    Cable, Terebin to Stalin, Plans for Mao's Visit to Moscow

    Terebin (Andrei Orlov) tells Stalin of Mao's plans for arriving in Moscow and asks whether he, Terebin, should join Mao on the journey.

  • April 26, 1948

    Cable, Mao Zedong to Filippov [Stalin]

    Mao tells Filippov (Stalin) about the move of the Central Committee to a more rural area in China. Mao also discusses his plans for his trip to Moscow.

  • April 29, 1948

    Cable, Stalin to Mao Zedong

    Stalin agrees with the plans Mao discusses in a previous cable.

  • May 10, 1948

    Cable, Mao Zedong to Filippov [Stalin]

    Mao says that his poor health requires him to delay his trip further.

  • May 10, 1948

    Cable, Filippov [Stalin] to Mao Zedong

    Filippov (Stalin) suggests that, because of possible dangers, Mao delay his trip to Moscow even further.

  • July 04, 1948

    Cable, Mao Zedong to Stalin

    Mao states to Stalin that his health is no longer a problem and that he, Mao, may now go to Moscow. Mao discusses the best means for doing so.

  • July 14, 1948

    Cable, Terebin to Stalin

    Terebin discusses briefly Mao's reaction to Stalin's telegram, dated July 14, 1948, and gives Mao's response.

  • July 14, 1948

    Cable, Stalin to Mao Zedong [via Terebin]

    Stalin asks Mao, through Terebin (Andrei Orlov), to visit Moscow in November so Mao will be able to see all of the important Soviet leaders.

  • July 17, 1948

    Cable, Terebin to Stalin [via Kuznetsov]

    Terebin (Andrei Orlov) gives Kuznetsov (Stalin) his, Terebin's, interpretation of Mao's reaction to Stalin's cable asking that Mao's visit be delayed several months.

  • July 28, 1948

    Cable, Terebin to Stalin [via Kuznetsov]

    Terebin (Andrei Orlov) discusses Mao's plans for conversation when the trip to Moscow is made. Terebin lists seven questions of Mao's that Mao will bring up upon arriving in the USSR.

  • September 28, 1948

    Cable, Mao Zedong to Stalin

    Mao agrees to delay his visit to the USSR until November, but asks that, Stalin and the Cenral Committee give advice about several questions Mao had stated previously.

  • October 17, 1948

    Cable, Stalin to Mao Zedong [via Terebin]

    Stalin tells Mao, through Terebin (Andrei Orlov), that he, Stalin, received Mao's letter and that the Soviet leaders would answer Mao's questions upon his arrival in Moscow.

  • October 17, 1948

    Cable, Terebin to Stalin

    Mao asks, through Terebin, whether or not he, Mao, will be picked up by a Soviet plane when he heads to Moscow. Terebin recounts the detailed planning that Mao has done for the trip.

  • October 21, 1948

    Cable, Stalin [via Kuznetsov] to Mao Zedong [via Terebin]

    Kuznetsov (Stalin) tells Terebin (Andrei Orlov) that two planes will pick up Mao at an undetermined time to take him to Moscow.

  • November 21, 1948

    Cable, Mao to Stalin

    Mao asks to delay his trip to Moscow until December.