1956 Polish and Hungarian Crises
The uprising began in Hungary as a spontaneous nationwide revolt against the People's Republic of Hungary and its Soviet-imposed policies, while in Poland similar political uprisings began in October 1956. The documents, most of which are working notes, are from 1956 and come from Russian and Bulgarian archives. See also, the Nikita Khrushchev Collection, and the Warsaw Pact. (Image, head of a toppled Stalin statue in Budapest, 1956)
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February 20, 1950
Notes from Conversation with General Chmurowicz
Col. J. Burgin remembers General Chmurowicz describing his refusal to comply with German officers concerning the Katyn affair while imprisoned as a POW at Woldenburg. Chmurowicz also spoke of Stefan Mossor's compliance with the Germans.
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1956
Memorandum from Major General Marian Spychalski to Minister of Foreign Affairs Adam Rapacki
Spychalski conveys the Ministry of National Defense's proposed supplement to the Treaty on the Status of Soviet Forces Stationed in Poland. The supplement addresses the movement of Soviet units by air and sea.
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July 09, 1956
Working Notes from the Session of the CPSU CC Presidium on 9 and 12 July 1956
In their meeting on July 9 and 12, 1956, the CPSU Presidium calls for an article to be prepared on the subversive activities of “imperialists” in Poznan and Hungary. Italian communist, Palmiro Togliatti, is to assist in writing an article in the Italian press. The working notes also refer to the situation developing over the rehabilitation of Hungarian communist, Laszlo Rajk, with a reference to HWP leader Rakosi.
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October 20, 1956
Working Notes from the Session of the CPSU CC Presidium on 20 October 1956
Notes from the meeting of the CPSU Presidium on the issues of Poland and Hungary. Soviet officials discuss preventing the ouster of Polish Marshal Konstantin Rokossowski and forming a committee to possibly replace Gomulka. The Presidium considers events in Hungary with recommendations to dispatch Mikoyan, recall troops to their units, and draft an informational report.
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October 23, 1956
Working Notes from the Session of the CPSU CC Presidium on 23 October 1956
The Presidium is updated on events unfolding in Budapest. Khrushchev favors deploying troops to quell the uprising. Mikoyan, alone in his dissent, advocates political measures followed by troops if necessary. Nagy’s capacity to control the situation is discussed, Presidium members assert the incongruities with Poland, and Khrushchev dispatches Mikoyan and Suslov to Budapest.
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October 24, 1956
Account of a Meeting at the CPSU CC, on the Situation in Poland and Hungary
The CPSU CC Politburo meets to discuss the burgeoning crises in Poland and Hungary. Also participating was Hungarian leader Novotny. Khrushchev described for the Soviet leadership his discussions with Gomulka on the Polish situation. Khrushchev urges patience in dealing with Poland. On the situation in Hungary, Khrushchev tells the Soviet leaders that actions were taken at the request of the Hungarian leadership.
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October 26, 1956
Protocol 55 of the Meeting of the Political Bureau of the CC of the RWP, on the Situation in Hungary and Measures to be Taken in Romania.
The Romanian Workers' Party Politburo meets to discuss the events in Hungary and decides the actions to be taken in Romania to prevent a spill-over of the Hungarian uprising into the country.
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October 26, 1956
Working Notes from the Session of the CPSU CC Presidium on 26 October 1956
Liu Shaoqi of the CPC CC tells the CPSU Presidium that the Rokossowski issue is central in Poland. The Presidium considers incoming information sent by Mikoyan and Suslov from Budapest. It is recommended that Hungarians studying in Moscow be instructed and sent back to Budapest to end the “vacillations” within the CC. Presidium members are critical of Mikoyan and call for a firm line with Hungary. Khrushchev commits to sending three more Presidium members to Hungary, contacting ousted Prime Minister Andras Hegedus, and reinforcing the troops.
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October 28, 1956
Working Notes from the Session of the CPSU CC Presidium on 28 October 1956
The notes from this session of the CPSU Presidium reveal a desire to support and strengthen the Kadar-Nagy government and the draft declaration prepared by the Hungarians for radio broadcast on October 28. Khrushchev, desiring to avoid the complications that Britain and France face in Egypt, asserts the need for a ceasefire and troop withdrawal.
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October 28, 1956
Telegram from the Budapest KGB Station concerning the latest developments in the city following the popular uprising
The KGB station in Budapest reports on the ongoing crisis in Hungary. While some popular forces are considering stopping the fighting, others continue to disarm the state organs. The fighting dies down in Budapest and the Imre Nagy government is gaining legitimacy. American embassy officials were seen evacuating from the embassy.