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July 24, 1978

Cable No. 1398, Ambassador Sato to the Foreign Minister, 'Treaty of Peace and Friendship between Japan and China Negotiations (3rd Meeting - Part 2)'

極秘

 

総番号 (TA) R053161  5303  主管

 

78年  月24日22時20分  中国発

 

78年07月24日23時51分  本省着  アジア局長

 

外務大臣殿  佐藤大使

 

日中平和友好条約交渉(第3回会談-その2)

 

第1398号 極秘 大至急

 

(限定配布)

 

往電第1396号に関し

 

1.本使の発言終了後、韓副部長は休けいを提案したので、双方ともそれぞれの休けい室に入つた。(休けい時間35分)

 

2.休けい後、韓副部長は大使の発言を詳細に聞いたが本日はこの発言に触れず後日中国側の意見を提出する、ただし一部の問題についてはこれからの発言において触れることになるかも知れないと前置きの上、用意された原こうに基づき次のとおり述べた。

 

(1)日本側の新しい条約草案に対する中国側の正式な意見を述べる前に日本側が交渉の2日目に新しい草案を提出されたことにしよう賛の意を表すとともに、日本側の協力的な態度に感謝する。

 

(2)中国側は日本側の新草案とそれに対するサイトウ課長の説明を真けん、かつ詳細に検討した。日本側の新草案は最も重要な反は権条項の問題において依然として中日共同声明の精しんと実質を正確に反えいしておらず、共同声明に比べれば日本側が言うように「基本的に同様である」のではなくて、甚だしくかけ離れている。従つて私達としては日本側の新草案の第3条の反は権条項に関する表現に対しては中国側は同意できないとはつきりと申し上げざるを得ない。もち論私達は新草案のその他の点、例えば第2条の平和共存5原則などの点においては、今までの案文に比較すると確かに共同声明の表現をより多くきゆう収していることに留意している。従つて双方の案文がこれらの点においては一層接近したと言えるし、この点については評価すべきであると考える。

 

(3)21日の第1回会談において私が発言したように、この条約交渉が遅々として進展を見せなかつた原因は主として反は権条項の問題にある。日本側の新草案を検討した後、私達は当面交渉が直面しているかん心な問題はやはりこの問題であるという感を一層深めた。もち論条約のその他の方面においては既に双方が全く一致しており問題が無くなつたという訳でもない。

 

(4)しかし双方が先ず反は権条項について合意できれば恐らく他の問題も解決し難いものではなかろう。そこで交渉を進展させるために双方は先ず精力を集中して反は権条項の問題について討議を行うことを提案する。

 

(5)ただ今から、日本側新草案第3条に重点を置いて私達の考えを述べる。

 

中国側が再三明らかにしたとおり、反は権条項は、中日共同声明の1つの重要な原則であり、中日関係を発展させる政治的基礎である。国際情勢の発展は、ますますは権反対の原則に非常に重要な現実的意義があることを実証している。反は権条項は極めて簡けつ、かつ明確なものであり、非常に論理にかなつたものである。従つて、それをそのまま条約の案文にもり込むべきであり、それをいささかなりとも弱めたりしてはならない。

 

(6)先ず、第三国に対するものではないという問題についての私の意見を述べる。日本側新草案第3条第1文では、「この条約は、特定の第三国に対して向けられたものではない。」となつている。前回の会談で、日本側から共同声明の「国交正常化は」との字くは、条約の中においてはそのまま使う訳にいかないので「この条約は」と修正したとの説明があつた。「国交正常化」は既に実現されて6年近くにもなるので、その字くをそのまま条約の中にもり込む必要がないことは当然である。中日共同声明を発表したのが、両国の国交正常化を実現するためのものであつたと同様に、中日平和友好条約を締結することは、「両国間の平和友好関係を強固にし発展させるため」である。従つて、「国交正常化」に対応する言ばは、疑いもなく「平和友好関係を強固にし発展させる」という言ばでなければならず、「この条約」という言ばではない。率直に言えば、ここで問題になつているのは、単に1つの文章の表現上の問題ではなく反は権条項の精しんと実質に関連する問題である。

 

反は権条約は、第三国に対するものではないという面もあれば、対するものでもあるという面もある。先ず、私たちは、決してこちらから進んで人に向けることはしない。相手がは権を求めなければそれに向けないどころか、それとむつまじくつき合わなければならない。しかし、もし相手がは権を求めようとするならば、こちらは反対せざるをえない。この意味から言えば、反は権条項は、他の者に対するものでもある。即ち、は権を求めており、あるいは求めようとするものに向けている。一言で言えば、は権を求める者に対しては、だれであろうとそれに反対する。は権に反対する以上、私たち中日双方をこう束する他には、自然に第三者という対象の問題が出てくる。一方では権反対を言いながら、他方でそれがだれにも向けられたものではないというのは、自家どう着した言い方ではなかろうか。従つて、「この条約は、第三国に対して向けられたものではない」というのは論理に合わないし、ただ反は権条項の精しんと実質を弱めあるいはほねぬきにするだけのものである。

 

(7)日本側のいわゆる「特定の第三国」という表現については、私は、この前の発言においても率直に中国側の考えを明らかにした。

 

日本側が「特定の」という言ばを付け加えたことは「節でないところにえだをつけた様なもの」でその必要は全くないと思う。反は権条項は、ある特定の国家を名指してはいない。スネにきずをもつものがあろうことかとび出してきてそれをとやかく言うのは、全く理くつが成立たない。私たちは、どうしてそれを相手にする必要があるだろうか。中日両国は、ともに独立自主の主権国家である。私たちの間のことがらには、決して局外者に勝手にぼう害されることを許してはならない。この条約を締結する私たちの目的は、公明正大なものものであり、私たちのけん持する原則は、全く正当なもので、とがめられる余地のないものである。中国側は再三、両国がこの条約を締結することは主として政治的かく度からことを進め、大局に着がんして努力をともにしてこの条約交渉のし事をより良く行い、両国人民の切なる期待に応えるべきであり、アジア・太平洋地域と全世界人民及び広はんな友人の期待に応えるべきであるといつている。

 

(8)次は、反は権条項の地域的範囲の問題についてである。私たちの意見では「アジア・太平洋地域」という表現を維持する方がよいと思う。その理由としては、第1に、中日両国は、地理的に、アジア・太平洋地域にあるので、この地域を明確にとり上げることは、歴史的かく度からいつても、現実的かく度からいつても、理の当然でありは権反対がアジア・太平洋地域に限られるという問題は存在しない。第2に、「アジア・太平洋地域」という表現は、中日共同声明の中で使つた表現であるから、これを修正しない方がよいと思う。

 

(9)最後に「反対である」と「反対する」という問題についてである。第1に、これは決して日本語テキストのみに関係する問題ではない。この両者には、はつきりした区別がある。文法上及び構文上において両者は異るのみならず、より重要なのは、その含まれる意味も完全に同じではない。従つて、こうした修正は中国語テキストと関連がないとは言えない。第2に、中日共同声明の「は権を確立しようとする他のいかなる国あるいは国の集団による試みにも反対する」という一くは、中日双方が厳しゆくかつ真けんな討議を加えた結果、決めたものであるから更にこれを修正すべきではないと思う。

 

(10)中国側の上述の意見を日本代表団において検討願うと同時に、更に新しい案を出されることを希望する。

 

3.これに対し、本使より、次のとおり述べた。

 

先ず第1に、われわれの提出した条約案に対して中国側の反応をかくも早く出していただいたことに交渉を早く進ちよくさせるとの見地からかん迎する。反は権条項、即ちわが方の条約案で言えば第3条に関して同意がえられなかつたことは誠に残念なことである。ただ今、韓副部長よりわれわれの努力を主として第3条の討議に集中するという御提案があつたが、私は結構であると思う。韓副部長のただ今の発言に関するわれわれの考え方は、次の会談で述べることと致したい。(これに対して韓副部長は、結構である。この次討論しようと述べた。) また、この次の会談ではいよいよ条約全体の話に入るわけであるから、第3条の討議の問題と同時に条約の討議のやり方についても、われわれの考えを述べさせていただきたいと思う。私の発言は以上であるが、次回会談をどうするか。わが方としては、明日の午後でも結構である。

 

4.次いで韓副部長より、次のように述べた。

 

 先程の私の発言においてはつきりと指摘したように、中国側は日本側が新条約草案を提出したことをかん迎する。しかし、日本側の草案にはいくつかの問題があり、私たちは同意できない。研究する必要がある。同時に反は権条項問題以外にその他の若干の問題についても相談する必要がある。ただ、それは先程の発言の中で解決しにくいものではないと指摘した。主要な問題は、反は権条項の問題である。先程私が最後に述べたとおり、私は日本側代表団に私の意見を詳細に検討するよう要請するとともに、わが方が更に一歩進んで検討できるよう新しい案文を提出されることをかん迎する。

 

5.最後に、第4回会談については、明日午後3時より行うことに双方合意した。

 

(了)

 

写手交済(25日00時11分)

 

Number: (TA) R053161     5303

Primary: Asian Affairs Bureau Director-General

 

Sent: China, July 24, 1978,   22:20

Received: MOFA, July 24, 1978,   23:51

 

To: The Foreign Minister      

From: Ambassador Sato

 

Treaty of Peace and Friendship between Japan and China Negotiation (3rd Meeting – Part 2)

 

No. 1398 Secret Top Urgent

(Limited Distribution)

 

Re: Outgoing Telegram No. 1396

 

1. After I had finished speaking, Vice Minister Han proposed a break. Both sides therefore retired to their respective break rooms. (for a break period of approximately 35 minutes)

 

2. After the break, Vice Minister Han prefaced his remarks by saying that he had listened carefully to the Ambassador’s statement but would not touch upon it today. He then said the following, based on a prepared manuscript.

 

(1) Before stating the Chinese side’s formal view in regard to the Japanese side’s new treaty draft, I praise the Japanese side’s putting forth a new draft at our talks two days ago and thank the Japanese side for its cooperative attitude.

 

(2) The Chinese side examined seriously and in detail the Japanese side’s new draft and Division Director Saito’s explanation concerning it.  The Japanese side’s new draft still does not reflect, concerning the most important issue of the anti-hegemony clause, the spirit and substance of the Sino-Japanese Joint Statement. Compared to the Joint Statement, it is not “basically in agreement with it,” as the Japanese side says, but extremely far from it. Accordingly, we must clearly state in regard to the expression in the Japanese side’s new draft concerning Clause 3, the anti-hegemony clause, that the Chinese side cannot agree. Of course, concerning other points, such as Clause 2, the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, we take note that it has absorbed more of the expression of the Joint Statement in comparison to the drafts to date. Accordingly, we think that the drafts of our two sides can be said to have come closer together on these points and that these points should be appraised.

 

(3) As I stated concerning the first meeting on the 21st, the cause of these treaty negotiations moving at a snail’s pace and not making progress lies mainly in the issue of the anti-hegemony clause. After considering the Japanese side’s new draft, we felt all the more deeply that the essential issue that these talks are facing is this issue after all. Nor is it the case, of course, that our two sides have reached agreement and that there are no longer any issues concerning the other aspects of the treaty.

 

(4) However, if we are first able to reach an agreement on the anti-hegemony clause, then it should not be difficult to settle the other issues. Accordingly, in order to move the talks forward, I propose that our two sides first focus our energies and conduct discussions on the issue of the anti-hegemony clause.

 

(5) We will now state our thinking, with emphasis on Clause 3 of the Japanese side’s new draft.

 

As the Chinese side has repeatedly made clear, the anti-hegemony clause is an important principle of the Sino-Japanese Joint Statement and a political basis for developing relations between China and Japan. Developments in the international situation demonstrate more and more the very important and realistic significance of the principle of opposition to hegemony. The anti-hegemony clause is both succinct and clear. It is very logical. Accordingly, we should incorporate it as is into the treaty draft. It will not do to weaken it even a little.

 

(6) First, I will state my view on the issue of its not being directed against any third country. The first sentence of Clause 3 in the Japanese side’s new draft is, “This treaty is not directed against any specific third country.” In the previous meeting, the Japanese side explained that it would not do to use as is the phrase from the Joint Statement, “normalization of relations,” so you revised it to “this treaty.” It has already been nearly six years since the “normalization of relations,” so it is natural that there is no need to incorporate that phrase as is into the treaty. It was in order to realize the normalization of relations between our two countries that we announced the Sino-Japanese Joint Statement. Similarly, concluding the China-Japan Treaty of Peace and Friendship is “in order to strengthen and develop relations of peace and friendship between our two countries.” Accordingly, the words corresponding with “normalization of relations” must, without a doubt, be “strengthen and develop relations of peace and friendship between our two countries,” not “this treaty.” Frankly speaking, the issue here is not simply one of a single sentence’s expression. It is an issue related to the spirit and substance of the anti-hegemony clause.

 

If there is to the anti-hegemony clause an aspect of not being directed against any third country, then there is also an aspect of its being directed. First, we will certainly not proceed from here and turn it against people. If the other party did not seek hegemony, we would not turn the clause against him. On the contrary, we would have to engage harmoniously with him. However, if the other party were to seek hegemony, we would have to oppose him. In this sense, the anti-hegemony clause is also something directed against others. That is to say, it is directed against those who seek hegemony or attempt to seek it. In a word, we are opposed to those who seek hegemony, no matter who they may be. In opposing hegemony, other than binding our two sides, there naturally appears the issue of third parties. Would it not be a self-contradictory way of speaking to talk on the one hand of opposition to hegemony while on the other saying that it is not directed against anyone? Accordingly, “This treaty is not directed against any third country” is not logical. It simply weakens or renders toothless the spirit and substance of the anti-hegemony clause.

 

(7) Concerning the Japanese side’s expression, “any specific third country,” as well as the previous expression, I have already made frankly clear the Chinese side’s thinking.

 

I think that the Japanese side’s adding the term “any specific” is “like adding a branch where there is no node.” It is absolutely unnecessary. The anti-hegemony clause does not name any specific country. If someone were to burst forth and complain of it, as though having a guilty conscience, the argument would not hold water.  Why would we have to listen to such a person? Both China and Japan are independent and sovereign nations. It certainly will not do for outsiders to willfully interfere in matters between us. Our objective in concluding this treaty is a fair and upright one. The principle to which we adhere is entirely a just and irreproachable one. The Chinese side has repeatedly said that our two countries, in concluding this treaty, advancing it mainly from a political angle and better conducting these treaty negotiations in focusing on the overall situation and working together, should respond to the ardent hopes of the people in both countries and to the hopes of the people of the Asia-Pacific region and those of far-flung friends.

 

(8) Next, there is the issue of the regional scope of anti-hegemony. In our view, we think it good to maintain the expression “Asia-Pacific region.” The reason is that, first, China and Japan are both in the Asia-Pacific region, so clearly raising this stands to reason from both a historical and a realistic point of view. Opposition to hegemony is not an issue limited to the Asia-Pacific region. Second, as the expression “Asia-Pacific region” is one used in the Sino-Japanese Join Statement, we think it better not to revise it.

 

(9) Finally, there is the issue of “in opposition to” and “oppose.” First, this is definitely not only an issue related to the Japanese-language text alone. There is a clear distinction between the two expressions. Not only do the two expressions differ in grammar and structure but, more importantly, their implied meaning is not the same. Accordingly, we cannot say that such a revision is unrelated to the Chinese-language text. Second, the passage in the Sino-Japanese Joint Statement, “oppose any country or group of countries that seeks to establish hegemony,”  is the result of a rigorous and serious discussion that our two sides conducted. I think that, as it is something that we have decided, we should not revise it.

 

(10) The Chinese side asks that the Japanese delegation consider the view expressed. At the same time, we hope that a new draft will be put forth.

 

3. In response, I spoke as follows:

 

First, from the viewpoint of rapidly advancing the negotiations, I welcome having the Chinese side’s responding so rapidly to the treaty draft that we put forth. It is truly regrettable that we were unable to reach agreement on the anti-hegemony clause, that is, speaking of our side’s treaty draft, on Clause 3. I think that Vice Minister Han’s suggestion just now, that we focus on discussing Clause 3, is fine. I would like to offer our thinking concerning your statement just now, Vice Minister Han, at the next meeting. (In response, Vice Minister Han said that that was fine and agreed to discuss it at the next meeting.) Also, as at the next meeting the two sides would finally take up the treaty in its entirety, I would like to speak concerning the issue of discussing Clause 3 and simultaneously discussing the treaty. That is all I have to say, but how shall we handle the next meeting? Even tomorrow afternoon  would be fine with us.

 

4. Next, Vice Minister Han said the following:

 

As I indicated in my statement just now, the Chinese side welcomes the Japanese side’s having put forth a new treaty draft. However, there are a number of problems with the Japanese side’s draft and we cannot agree to it. Study is needed. At the same time, other than the issue of the anti-hegemony clause, there is also a need to talk about some other issues. However, I pointed out in my statement just now that they would not be difficult to resolve.  The main issue is that of the anti-hegemony clause. As I concluded just a moment ago, together with requesting that the Japanese side consider my view in detail, I welcome the putting forth of a new draft that our side will be able to consider further.

 

5. Lastly, both sides agreed to hold the fourth meeting tomorrow at three o’clock in the afternoon.

 

(End)

The delegations discuss the new draft proposed by the Japanese.


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Japanese Ambassador Sato and Chinese Vice Minister Han negotiate point in the Treaty of Peace and Friendship between Japan and China. Japan also asks China about the Sino-Soviet Alliance Treaty.

August 12, 1978

Cable No. 1675, Ambassador Sato to the Foreign Minister, 'Treaty of Peace and Friendship between Japan and China Negotiations (3rd Ministerial Meeting)'

Friendly remarks about the continued negotiations of the Treaty of Peace and Friendship between Japan and China, and points of continued negotiation including the nationality of ethnic minorities.

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Source

2010-367, Act on Access to Information Held by Administrative Organs. Also available at the Diplomatic Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. Contributed by Yutaka Kanda and translated by Stephen Mercado.

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2020-03-04

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219984