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Kofi Annan and Saddam Hussein

Hussein, Saddam

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Aerial view of National Mall

North America

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Photograph of Azadi Tower

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Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

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Western Europe

Germany

Photograph of the city of Kuwait.

Middle East

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Helmut Kohl addresses the United Nations, June 1997.

Helmut Kohl Transcripts

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Gulf War, 1990-1991

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931- 2022

Photograph of Helmut Kohl, 1982.

Kohl, Helmut

1930- 2017

Official portrait for President George H.W. Bush, 1989.

Bush, George H.W.

1924- 2018

Iranian soldiers in the Iran-Iraq War

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Hartmann, Peter

1935-

François Mitterrand in 1983

Mitterrand, François

1916- 1996

George H.W. Bush and Lech Walesa

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe

Photograph of Gorbachev-Bush summit at Malta, 1989

End of the Cold War

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January 31, 1991	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Conversation with British Foreign Minister Douglas Hurd on 30 January 1991 Kohl and Hurd discuss Germany's financial aid in support of Britain's military operations in the Gulf in the amount of DM 800 million. Moreover, Kohl reviews his efforts for constitutional changes in order to enable Germany's participation in future of out-of-are missions.
January 31, 1991	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Telephone Conversation with the American President George Bush on 28 January 1991 Kohl and Bush review the situation in the Gulf and discuss Germany's financial contribution to the costs of the war. In terms of numbers, Bush has in mind one billion dollar as a contribution to the previous costs for the "desert shield" campaign and another five billion dollars to help cover the first three months of the war.
January 18, 1991	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with Soviet Ambassador Terechov on 17 January 1991 On behalf of Gorbachev, Ambassador Terechov complains that the Soviet government was only informed about the start of U.S. military operations in the Persian Gulf an hour in advance.
January 17, 1991	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Telephone Conversation with President Mitterrand on Thursday, 17 January 1991 at 5 pm Kohl and Mitterrand talk about the start of allied military operations in the Gulf War and France's contribution in particular.
December 27, 1990	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Conversation with the Turkish President Özal on Friday, 21 December 1990 Kohl and Özal debate the Gulf crisis and Turkey's request for the deployment of the air component of NATO's Allied Command Europe Mobile Force. In addition, they discuss the resignation of Soviet Foreign Minister Shevardnadze.
November 22, 1990	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Breakfast Meeting with President Mitterrand on Wednesday, 21 November 1990 in Paris for the Occasion of the CSCE Summit Kohl and Mitterrand assess the relevance of the Paris CSCE Summit and the situation in the Gulf, especially UN resolutions on Iraq and the potential use of force under a UN mandate.
November 13, 1990	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with Soviet President M.S. Gorbachev on 9 November 1990, 3:15 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. at the Federal Chancellery Kohl and Gorbachev review the state of bilateral relations, the Gulf crisis and the situation in the Soviet Union, especially with regards to Gorbachev's perestroika and glasnost and the Soviet Union's economic reforms. They discuss Western economic assistance and food supplies for the Soviet Union as well.
November 9, 1990	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Conversation with Polish Prime Minister Tadeusz Mazowiecki Frankfurt/Oder, 8 November 1990, 11.15 - 15.15 hours Kohl and Mazowieki engage in a comprehensive review on the state of bilateral relations. They discuss trade, culture, infrastructure projects, questions related to the German minority in Poland as well as European security and defense, the withdrawal of Soviet troops from the GDR and Polish purchases of military equipment from former East German stocks.
October 28, 1990	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with President Mitterrand in Rome, on Sunday, 28 October 1990 Kohl and Mitterrand debate the situation in the Gulf, the state of reforms in the Soviet Union, and the prospects for progress in terms of European integration.
September 16, 1991	Memorandum of Conversation: Meeting with Helmut Kohl, Chancellor of Germany, September 16, 1991, 12:00-1:30pm