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Making of the Sino-Soviet Alliance, 1945-1950 Zhou, Enlai Clear All

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Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

Zhou, Enlai

1898- 1976

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Sino-Soviet Relations

Making of the Sino-Soviet Alliance, 1945-1950

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Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Portrait of Mao Zedong from propaganda poster

Mao, Zedong

1893- 1976

Photograph of Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong, 1945

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Anastas Mikoyan in 1959

Mikoyan, Anastas Ivanovich

1895- 1978

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Shi, Zhe

1905- 1998

A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin, Joseph

1879- 1953

Official Chinese Communist Party portrait of Liu Shaoqi.

Liu, Shaoqi

1898- 1969

Conversations with Mao Zedong

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North America

United States

Conversations with Zhou Enlai

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China

Manchuria

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China

Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Japan's Itsukushima Shrine

East Asia

Japan

China and the Soviet Union in Xinjiang, 1934-1949

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September 4, 1958	Anastas Mikoyan’s Recollections of his Trip to China Anastas Mikoyan gives a very detailed summary of his trip to China, to secretly hold talks with Mao Zedong. Begins with a summary of his trip, and choice of delegation members, and his living conditions while visiting with Mao. Describes talks with Mao, which covered a large range of topics, including Mao's divergence of opinion on American imperialism as compared to Stalin's, the CCP's lack of influence in China's cities, and Stalin's advice to arrest two Americans, including Sidney Rittenberg, who were "obvious American spies." Mao does not agree, eventually arrests spy suspects, and Mikoyan notes that after Stalin's death, USSR admitted to having no rationale or evidence for the spy allegations.
February 4, 1949	Cable, Anastas Mikoyan to Joseph Stalin Cable sent from Mikoyan to Stalin, summarizing a discussion between Mikoyan and Mao. In that conversation, Mikoyan tells Mao that once the USSR opposed foreign mediation between the Guomindang and CCP, England, America and France changed their positions from supporting mediation to refuting mediation. Mikoyan then draws to Stalin's attention that Zhou Enlai noticed permanent representatives of Americans, including "spies, and journalists," among the Chinese Communist Party.
December 9, 1949	Memorandum of Conversation, Charge d’Affaires of the Soviet Embassy with Chinese Foreign Minister Zhou Enlai on 9 December 1949 Description of a discussion between the Soviet Charge d'Affaires in the PRC and Zhou Enlai, covering Mao Zedong's trip to Moscow and recognition of the PRC by England, Burma, and India.
November 15, 1949	From the Diary of N.V. Roshchin, Memorandum of Conversation with Prime Minister Zhou Enlai on 15 November 1949 Conversation between Soviet Ambassador Roshchin and Chinese Premier Enlai. Zhou Enlai puts forth some future military plans of the PLA. Specifically, the plans to enter Tibet following liberation in Xinjiang and Sichuan, and to attack Hainan are discussed. He adds that the losses incurred in the Battle of Shantou will inform the eventual attack on Formosa.
November 10, 1949	From the Diary of N.V. Roshchin, Memorandum of Conversation with Prime Minister Zhou Enlai on 10 November 1949 Conversation between Soviet Ambassador Roshchin and Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai. Zhou Enlai speaks on behalf of Mao Zedong, expressing the Chairman's desire to make a visit to Moscow.
October 16, 1949	From the Diary of N.V. Roshchin: Memorandum of Conversation with Chairman Mao Zedong on 16 October 1949 Soviet Ambassador to China Roshchin records his conversation with Chairman Mao Zedong where he congratulates Mao on the successes of the People's Liberation Army. Mao assures Roshchin that China will not take up diplomatic relations with Yugoslavia, and that it will officially recognize the GDR once the Soviet Union does.
July 22, 1950	Ciphered Telegram No. 22591 from Roschin to Filippov [Stalin] Mao Zedong informs Stalin of China's military and strategic maneuvers in summer 1950 as a result of the Korean War.
February 1, 1949	Memorandum of Conversation between Anastas Mikoyan and Zhou Enlai Anastas Mikoyan and Zhou Enlai discuss Chinese Communist Party contacts with the US, recognition of the coalition government, and the Chinese attitude toward foreign property.
December 18, 1949	Telegram, Mao Zedong to Liu Shaoqi, 18 December 1949
January 25, 1950	Telegram, Mao Zedong to Liu Shaoqi Mao reports that they have completed a draft of the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance, and Mutual Assistance, as well as an agreement on Lushun, Dalian, and the Chinese Chanchun Railway.