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Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

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Western Europe

Germany

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Photograph of Helmut Kohl, 1982.

Kohl, Helmut

1930- 2017

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931- 2022

Helmut Kohl addresses the United Nations, June 1997.

Helmut Kohl Transcripts

Official portrait for President George H.W. Bush, 1989.

Bush, George H.W.

1924- 2018

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Western Europe

France

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Hartmann, Peter

1935-

The Palace of the Republic (Palast der Republik) in Berlin

Eastern Europe

East Germany

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Western Europe

Great Britain

Boris Yeltsin at the United Nations, October 1995

Yeltsin, Boris

1931- 2007

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Gulf War, 1990-1991

François Mitterrand in 1983

Mitterrand, François

1916- 1996

George H.W. Bush and Lech Walesa

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe

Photograph of Gorbachev-Bush summit at Malta, 1989

End of the Cold War

A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin and the Cold War

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July 13, 1992	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with French President Mitterrand on 7 July 1992 in Munich Kohl and Mitterrand look into issues of nuclear power plant safety in the former Soviet Union as a key theme on the agenda of the World Economis Summit in Munich. Both complain about American and Japanese reluctance to agree on the establishment of a joint G-7 fund in this field.
July 6, 1992	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with U.S. President Bush over Breakfast at the Hotel Four Seasons in Munich on Monday, 6 July 1992 Bush reports about his recent conversation with Mitterrand on the establishmet of the Eurocorps and NATO's European pillar. Kohl thinks that U.S. concerns over the Eurocorps were exaggarated reiterating that the Federal Repubic wanted a continued U.S. military presence in Germany and Europe. Bush complains about French reluctance to expand NATO's functions including out-of-area missions.
April 1, 1992	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with Polish President Walesa on Tuesday, 31 March 1992 Kohl and Walesa talk about Poland's eagerness for EC membership and their shared irritation about general Western reservation in terms of EC enlargement. They discuss the desire of the Visegrad countries for NATO membership. Kohl reiterates his aim to to have a relationship with Poland that was similar to the German friendship with France.
February 4, 1992	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Conversation with the President of Ukraine, Leonid Kravchuk, Tuesday, 4 February 1992 Kohl and Kravchuk discuss Ukraine-Russia relations and problems within the newly established Commonwealth of Independent States. They review the prospects for the dismantlement of nuclear and chemical weapons in Ukraine.
February 6, 1992	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with the American Jewish Committee on 4 February 1992 Kohl and the American Jewish Committee discuss the challenge of potential nuclear proliferation after the Soviet Union's disintegration. They scrutinize the problem of increasing xenophobia in Germany after unification.
December 23, 1991	Conversation between the Head of the Chancellor’s Office, Federal Minister Bohl, and Ukrainian Foreign Minister Zlenko on 21 December 1991, 9.00 - 10.00 Hours Bohl and Zlenko analyze the situation in the immediate aftermath of the Soviet Union's formal dissolution. They disuss the fate of the remaining nuclear weapons and armaments in Ukraine and the prospects for their dismantlement. They also review plans for the withdrawal of "Soviet" soldiers from Germany and their return to Ukraine.
December 20, 1991	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Conversation with President Mikhail S. Gorbachev, Friday, 20 December 1991, 09.30 - 09.40 Hours Kohl and Gorbachev look into the situation on the eve of the Soviet Union's disintegration.
December 3, 1991	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Telephone Conversation with President Mikhail Gorbachev, Tuesday, 3 December 1991, 14:05 – 14:15 Hours Kohl and Gorbachev talk about Ukraine's desire for independence and its ramifications. They also examine Gorbachev's ideas for further reforms in the Soviet Union.
November 25, 1991	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with Russian President Yeltsin on Thursday, 21 November 1991 Kohl and Yeltsin discuss Russia-Ukraine relations, Russian debt and finance issues, the question of Volga-Germans and the release of Honecker from the Chilean embassy.
November 7, 1991	Memorandum of Conversation between the President [George H.W. Bush] and Helmut Kohl et al, November 7, 1991, 5:35-6:00 p.m. Kohl and Bush talk about the NATO summit, the creation of a European pillar in NATO, the war in Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union's disintegration.