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Photograph of the Hands of Victory Monument in Baghdad.

Middle East

Iraq

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United States

Photograph of the Port of Jaffa in Israel.

Middle East

Israel

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Photograph of Azadi Tower

Middle East

Iran

Kofi Annan and Saddam Hussein

Hussein, Saddam

1937- 2006

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Western Europe

Germany

Helmut Kohl addresses the United Nations, June 1997.

Helmut Kohl Transcripts

Photograph of Helmut Kohl, 1982.

Kohl, Helmut

1930- 2017

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Gulf War, 1990-1991

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931- 2022

Official portrait for President George H.W. Bush, 1989.

Bush, George H.W.

1924- 2018

The Osirak Air Raid

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Hartmann, Peter

1935-

François Mitterrand in 1983

Mitterrand, François

1916- 1996

Saddam meets with founder of Ba'athist thought, Michael Aflaq, in 1988

The Saddam Files

Iranian soldiers in the Iran-Iraq War

Iran-Iraq War

Photograph of Gorbachev-Bush summit at Malta, 1989

End of the Cold War

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January 21, 1991	Cable, Richard Armitage to the White House for Mr. Robert Gates, 'Hussein/Armitage Meeting January 21, 1991' The President’s special envoy to Jordan, Richard Armitage, updates the White House on a private talk he had just had with King Hussein. The King briefed Armitage on a secret meeting recently held with Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir.
April 29, 1993	State Minister Schmidbauer's Meeting with the Chairman of Iran's Foreign Parliamentary Foreign Policy Committee and Secretary of Iran's National Security Council, Mister Hassan Rouhani, on 29 April 1993 in Bonn Schmidbauer and Rouhani review the state of bilateral relations. They discuss Iran's arms control policy and its interest in the aquisitation of nuclear technology for peaceful uses, as Rouhani argues. Rouhani reiterates Iran's readiness for whatever kind of international nuclear inspections. Iran's interest was still the finalization of the Bushehr nuclear power plant.
March 31, 1993	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with Egyptian President Hosny Mubarak in Bonn on 30 March 1993, 15.30-17.20 hours Kohl and Mubarak discuss the recent bomb attack in Cairo and the question of the assassins. Upon Kohl's question, Mubarak rejects the idea that Libya and Gaddafi could be behind it. Rather, Mubarak suggests the changes in Gaddafi’s position and the latter's concern about fundamentalist terror in Libya. Mubarak thinks Iran was behind the terror attack in Cairo.
October 8, 1992	State Minister Schmidbauer's Meeting with Iran’s Vice Foreign Minister Abbas Maleki on 8 October 1992 at the Chancellor’s Office Schmidbauer and Maleki review chances for the expansion of cooperation between Germany, Iran and the Islamic states of the former Soviet Union. Moreover, they debate the Hezbollah's involvement in the recent assassination of four Kurdish policymakers in Berlin.
September 14, 1992	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with Israeli Prime Minister Rabin on Monday, 14 September 1992 Kohl and Rabin discuss the situation in the Near and Middle East and the changed in Syria's position toward Israel after the demise of the Soviet Union. Rabin expresses concern about the continued arms race in the region and Syria's purchases of Scud missiles from Russia and Slovakia. He also reiterates Iraq's continued capability to go nuclear within 5 to 6 years despite international arms control inspections. Last but not least, Kohl and Rabin discuss the situation in Iran and Kohl's contacts with President Rafsandjani.
June 3, 1991	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with President Mitterrand on Thursday, 30 May 1991, in Lille (working breakfast) Kohl and Mitterrand confer on NATO, European security and the idea of establishing a common security and defense policy under the roof of the European Community.
May 1, 1991	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with Prime Minister Felipe Gonzalez on May 1, 1991 in Lanzarote Kohl and Gonzalez discuss the state of European integration and the situation in the Gulf. They review the preparations for the forthcoming European Council in Luxemburg arguing in favor of a step-by-step approach as the best way to achieve lasting results.
March 20, 1991	The Chancellor’s [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with the American Jewish Committee on 19 March 1991 Kohl and the American Jewish Committee review the international position of unified Germany in Europe and in NATO in particular. Kohl rejects the term "leadership role" for Germany.
March 18, 1991	The Chancellor’s [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with Israel‘s Foreign Minister Levy on Thursday, 14 March 1991, 13.15 until 14.15 hours Kohl and Levy discuss the situation in Iraq, the Palestine question and Israel's request for financial assistance from the Federal Republic of Germany.
March 5, 1991	The Chancellor’s [Helmut Kohl's] Telephone Conversation with Iran’s President Rafsanjani on Tuesday, 5 March 1991 Kohl and Rafsandjani talk about plans for the emergence of a new security system in the Middle East after the end of the Gulf War. They emphasize the importance of maintaining Iraq's territorial integrity.