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Photograph of the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem.

Middle East

Palestine

Photograph of the Port of Jaffa in Israel.

Middle East

Israel

Photograph of Tripoli, Lebanon

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Lebanon

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

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Emir Farid Chehab

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Photograph of Amman, Jordan

Middle East

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Photograph of Sayyida Zainab bin Imam Ali Ibn Abi Talib Shrine.

Middle East

Syria

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Arafat, Yasir

1929- 2004

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Journalist informer

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Photograph of Helmut Kohl, 1982.

Kohl, Helmut

1930- 2017

Erich Honecker, 1976.

Honecker, Erich Ernst Paul

1912- 1994

Helmut Kohl addresses the United Nations, June 1997.

Helmut Kohl Transcripts

Group photo from the Arms Control and Regional Security Working Group Operational Basket Meeting, Antalya, Turkey, April 4-6, 1995.

ACRS Oral History Project

International Dimensions of Decolonization in the Middle East and North Africa

International Dimensions of Decolonization in the Middle East and North Africa

Official portrait for President George H.W. Bush, 1989.

Bush, George H.W.

1924- 2018

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James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies (CNS)

1989-

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Gulf War, 1990-1991

Zhou Enlai and Gamal Abdel Nasser

China and the Middle East/North Africa

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Documents

June 30, 1970	SED Central Committee Protocol No. 55/70, ' Support for the Communist Resistance Organization "Al-Ansar"' This memorandum contains a list of military supplies that were supposed to be delivered to the Al Ansar group, a Palestinian militant group founded by the initiative of the Jordanian Communist Party with the aim to drive the Israeli forces behind the border lines of 5 June 1966. The justification for the delivery is that the Al Ansar group is small and ill-equipped. The final word on whether these supplies were delivered is not contained in the document.
October 27, 1983	GDR Ministry for State Security, 'Information about The Escalation of Conflicts within the PLO' The report evaluates the internal situation of the PLO, which lost its bases in southern Lebanon and is exposed to increased pressure by Arab governments. The report describes the conflict between Arafat and the Syrian branch of the PLO and notes the increase in Syrian influence following a violent incident in Tripoli, in which Arafat and the Muslim Brothers were supposedly involved. Regardless of Syria's strength, the report states that Arafat has shown no inclination to work with the Syrian government. It concludes that a split seems likely, especially since Arafat has oriented himself towards the reactionary Arab forces.
March 30, 1980	From an interview with the President of the SI, Brandt, for the French newspaper Le Nouvel Observateur 30 March 1980 Willy Brandt's interview for the French newspaper on Camp David and recognition of the new Jewish state.
March 9, 1982	Stenographic Transcript of the Official Talks between Erich Honecker and Yasser Arafat in the House of the Central Committee of the SED in Berlin The conversation is mainly concerned with the situation in the Middle East, but there are also some remarks about Poland, Afghanistan, and French-Israeli relations. Honecker emphasizes that only the creation of a sovereign Palestinian state can solve the Middle East conflict. He underlines the continuing support of the GDR for the PLO, for example, through military aid and the opening of an official PLO embassy in Berlin. Arafat points to the West German support for Israel and asks for further military aid.
May 13, 1982	Note about a Talk at the Occasion of the Inaugural Visit by the Ambassador of the PLO Dr. Isam Kamel Salem, with the Head of the Department Near and Middle East of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Comrade Wolfgang Schüßler, on 11 May 1982 The conversation deals with permanent PLO representation in the GDR. The PLO has had official representation since 1978, with the opening of a PLO embassy in Berlin. The PLO ambassador points out that this status necessarily leads to more expenses. He applies for more GDR funding.
June 25, 1982	Message of L.I. Brezhnev to Syrian President Hafez Assad Brezhnev appeals to Assad to continue his support for the PLO. He blames the passivity of the other Arab states for the critical military situation in Lebanon.
June 28, 1982	Note on Qaddafi's reaction to socialist support for Arab countries in the war in Lebanon Qaddafi is disappointed wit the insufficient support of the Socialist states for the Arab countries in the war in Lebanon.
August 24, 1982	Letter, Oskar Fischer to Erich Honecker Fischer forwards greetings and thanks from Arafat, as well as Arafat's request that 40 wounded soldiers and civilians be accepted by the GDR. Fischer proposes to fulfill Arafat's appeal.
October 16, 1982	Conversation between General Secretary Erich Honecker and the Crown Prince and Prime Minister of Kuwait, Sheikh Sa'ad Abdullah Al-Sabah, in Salam Palace on 16 October 1982 Al-Sabah expresses concerns about Israel’s invasion of Lebanon, Israeli occupation of other Arab territories, and the conflict between Iran and Iraq. Honecker hopes that East German-Kuwaiti cooperation will help to restore and preserve peace in the Middle East.
October 14, 1982	Official Friendship Visit by the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the SED and Chairman of the State Council of the GDR, Erich Honecker, in the Syrian Arab Republic (11 to 14 October 1982)