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Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Cuba's National Capitol Building, January 2010.

Central America and Caribbean

Cuba

Japan's Itsukushima Shrine

East Asia

Japan

Executive Committee of the National Security Committee during the Cuban Missile Crisis.

Cuban Missile Crisis

Gyeongbokgung

East Asia

South Korea

Jan Nowak-Jeziorański broadcasting for Radio Free Europe, 3 May 1952

Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty

Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

Zhou, Enlai

1898- 1976

Nuclear Proliferation

Aerial photograph of CIA headquarters

United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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Sino-Soviet Relations

A photo of Henry Kissinger from 1975

Kissinger, Henry

1923-

Placeholder image for when a portrait image is not available

United States. Department of State

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Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931- 2022

Photograph of Helmut Kohl, 1982.

Kohl, Helmut

1930- 2017

President Ronald Reagan, Vice-President Bush, and oviet General Secretary Gorbachev

United States-Soviet Relations

Helmut Kohl addresses the United Nations, June 1997.

Helmut Kohl Transcripts

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July 6, 1992	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with U.S. President Bush over Breakfast at the Hotel Four Seasons in Munich on Monday, 6 July 1992 Bush reports about his recent conversation with Mitterrand on the establishmet of the Eurocorps and NATO's European pillar. Kohl thinks that U.S. concerns over the Eurocorps were exaggarated reiterating that the Federal Repubic wanted a continued U.S. military presence in Germany and Europe. Bush complains about French reluctance to expand NATO's functions including out-of-area missions.
June 30, 1992	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with French President Mitterrand over Breakfast on Saturday, 27 June 1992 Mitterrand emphasizes that Yugoslavia could turn into "a second Vietnam” in case of a Western military intervention. He questions the rational of U.S. and British policy in the Balkans and rejects France's military involvement. Kohl rules out Germany's participation in military operations.
March 7, 1968	Record of Conversation between L. I. Brezhnev and N. Ceausescu on 7 March 1968 A record of a conversation in which Brezhnev and Ceausescu discuss weather or not to say that the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty will only be signed once the United States ends its actions in Vietnam. Brezhnev advises not to raise the issue, while Ceausescu claims that it must be stated in order to advance a solution towards disarmament.
March 17, 1967	Record of Conversations between L. I. Brezhnev and N. Ceausescu, 17 March 1967 Brezhnev and Ceausescu begin by extending warm welcomes to one another before diving into the importance of finalizing a draft of a nuclear nonproliferation treaty. Most of the discussion is spent arguing over the relevance of disarmament within the treaty.
March 18, 1967	Record of Conversations between L. I. Brezhnev and N. Ceausescu, 18 March 1967 Brezhnev and Ceausescu discuss draft versions of a nuclear nonproliferation treaty, arguing about the language used in the deal. They also discuss the creation of an intergovernmental conference of European countries and agree that they should meet more often in the future.
February 26, 1971	From the Journal of M.G. Podol’sky, 'Record of a Conversation with R. Berthold, Counsellor of the GDR Embassy in Hanoi, 18 February 1971' A Soviet official in Vietnam recounts a meeting with an East German diplomat. The two sides discussed the nuclear threats from the United States in the Vietnam War, as well as relations with China.
June 20, 1989	China Division, Asian Affairs Bureau [Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan], 'The Chinese Student Movement (After Armed Suppression by the Military)' Report from the China Division, Asian Affairs Bureau of Japan’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, on the subsequent actions of the United States, Britain, France, West Germany, and Canada.
June 21, 1989	Document for the Vice Minister from the Aid Policy Division, Economic Cooperation Bureau The document was written on June 21, 1989 by the Aid Policy Division, Economic Cooperation Bureau for the Vice Minister of Japan. The document focuses on how to respond to the Tiananmen Square incident and China’s means to which it modernizes and opens its economy. It urges the continuing of ongoing projects and eventual resumption of new economic projects in China once the situation stabilizes and dissuades from any substantial change in Japan’s economic policy towards China.
September 1989	Cable No. 2720, Ambassador Nakajima to the Foreign Minister, 'Japan-China Relations (Opinion Statement)' An opinion statement on Japan-China relations sent by Ambassador Nakajima to the Foreign Minister and Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Japan details Japan’s concerns over the Chinese government’s actions during the Tiananmen Square incident. Ambassador Nakajima provides an assessment of China’s response to foreign government’s sanctions, expresses uncertainty on future political developments in China, and provides policy prescriptions on Japan’s policy towards China going forward.
June 12, 1989	China Division [Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan], 'Our Country’s Future China Policy (Taking the Situation into Account)' Outline of Japan’s basic understanding of the situation in China in regards to the Tiananmen Square incident. The document discusses the ongoing approach to China, issues requiring specific examination, Japan-China bilateral economic relations, international diplomatic aspects, and points of consideration for future policy discussions.