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Eastern Africa

Somalia

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Eastern Africa

Ethiopia

Horn of Africa Crisis

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Mengistu Haile-Mariam

1937-

The Soviet Union in the Horn of Africa

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

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Ratanov

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Barre, Maxamed Siyaad (Siad Barre)

1920- 1995

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Soviet Union. Embassy (Ethiopia)

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Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

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Eastern Africa

Eritrea

Fidel Castro, 1959.

Castro, Fidel

1926- 2016

Cuba's National Capitol Building, January 2010.

Central America and Caribbean

Cuba

Leonid Brezhnev, 1974.

Brezhnev, Leonid Il'ich

1906- 1982

President Ronald Reagan, Vice-President Bush, and oviet General Secretary Gorbachev

United States-Soviet Relations

Cuban Foreign Relations

China and Africa

George H.W. Bush and Lech Walesa

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe

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Documents

July 17, 1977	Memorandum of conversation between Soviet Ambassador to Ethiopia A.N. Ratanov and Cuban military official Arnaldo Ochoa Memorandum of conversation between Soviet Ambassador to Ethiopia A.N. Ratanov and Cuban military official Arnaldo Ochoa concerning the situation in Ethiopia and the recent losses of objectives in Eritrea by the Ethiopians as well as possible means to strenghten the Ethiopian army
August 11, 1977	Record of negotiations between Somali and Soviet Officials in Moscow (excerpts) Record of negotiations between Somali and Soviet Officials in Moscow (excerpts) regarding the resolution of the Somali-Ethiopian conflict and possible negotiations between Somalia and Ethiopia concerning territorial disputes.
July 29, 1977	Memorandum of conversation between Soviet Ambassador to Ethiopia A.P. Ratanov and Mengistu Memorandum of conversation between Soviet Ambassador to Ethiopia A.P. Ratanov and Mengistu regarding Soviet support for Ethiopia and the consequent strain in Soviet-Somali relations
August 4, 1977	Transcript of CPSU CC Politburo Meeting (excerpt) Transcript of CPSU CC Politburo Meeting (excerpt) regarding the situation between Ethiopia and Somalia and the limited capability of the Soviet Union with regards to the situation
August 5, 1977	Soviet Ambassador to Ethiopia A.P. Ratanov, Memorandum of Conversation with Mengistu Soviet Ambassador to Ethiopia A.P. Ratanov, Memorandum of Conversation with Mengistu regarding Ethiopian responses to Somali actions and the Soviet role in providing supplies to Ethiopia
August 7, 1977	Soviet Ambassador to Ethiopia A.P. Ratanov, Memorandum of Conversation with Mengistu Soviet Ambassador to Ethiopia A.P. Ratanov, memorandum of cnversation with Mengistu regarding Soviet support for Ethiopia and support from other nations for Somalia
August 11, 1977	CC CPSU Politburo transcript (excerpt) CC CPSU Politburo transcript (excerpt) discussing the Ethiopian appeal for assistance
August 26, 1977	Record of Soviet-Somali Talks, Moscow (excerpts), with Somali aide-memoire, 10 August 1977 Record of Soviet-Somali Talks, Moscow (excerpts), with Somali aide-memoire, 10 August 1977 regarding Soviet evaluations of the situation in Somalia and the Somali-Ethiopian conflict
August 31, 1977	Record of negotiations between Somali and Soviet officials in Moscow from 15-19 August 1977 (excerpts) Record of negotiations between Somali and Soviet officials in Moscow (excerpts) regarding Somali-Ethiopian tensions and reactions by Somalis of negative comments in Soviet press regarding Somalia
August 23, 1977	Memorandum of conversation between Soviet Ambassador to Ethiopia Ratanov and Cuban Ambassador to Ethiopia Jose Perez Novoa Memorandum of conversation between Soviet Ambassador to Ethiopia Ratanov and Cuban Ambassador to Ethiopia Jose Perez Novoa regarding the question of inviting Cuban military personnel to Ethiopia