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Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

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Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

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Head of a toppled Stalin statue in Budapest, 1956

1956 Polish and Hungarian Crises

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Eastern Europe

Czechoslovakia

Jan Nowak-Jeziorański broadcasting for Radio Free Europe, 3 May 1952

Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty

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Nagy, Imre

1896- 1958

Aerial photograph of CIA headquarters

United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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Trade agreement between European Economic Community and China

China-Europe Relations

Zhao Ziyang on a tour of East Germany in June 1987.

China-Eastern Europe Relations

Cuban Foreign Relations

George H.W. Bush and Lech Walesa

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe

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Kádár, János

1912- 1989

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931- 2022

Nikita Khrushchev at the UNGA, 1962.

Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich

1894- 1971

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Hungary. Embassy (Cuba)

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September 9, 1970	Foreign Affairs Department of the Central Committee of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party, 'Report on the Party and Government Delegation’s Visit to Cuba' The report provides an overview of the Hungarian delegation's visit to Cuba in 1970 to strengthen party relations and discuss preparations for an anti-imperialist congress. The Cuban leadership expressed interest in improving bilateral cooperation and aligning on ideological initiatives. Observations highlight challenges in Cuba, including economic inefficiencies, campaign-style management, and political centralization under Fidel Castro, who acknowledged shortcomings and proposed changes, such as separating party and state leadership roles. Despite setbacks, Cuban leaders remained committed to revolutionary ideals, with Castro emphasizing the importance of the working class in socialist development. This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.
August 30, 1970	Letter, Political of the Central Committee of the Bulgarian Communist Party to the Central Committee of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party The Bulgarian Communist Party's Central Committee reported on a delegation's visit to Cuba, emphasizing the positive developments under Fidel Castro's leadership toward building a socialist society. While praising progress in agriculture, industry, and international relations with socialist states, the report highlighted challenges such as economic inefficiencies, a lack of qualified leadership, and the persistence of issues like food rationing and housing shortages. It proposed stronger coordination and assistance from socialist countries, particularly through economic and cultural integration, to support Cuba's socialist development and overcome its structural difficulties. This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.
December 3, 1963	Erzsébet Görög, Charge d’affaires, 'Cuban Foreign Policy in the Light of Two Castro Speeches' This report analyzes the fluctuating nature of Cuban foreign policy under Fidel Castro, shaped by his unscripted speeches and reactions to international events. It highlights a tension between pro-Soviet and independent, anti-Soviet tendencies within the Cuban leadership, exacerbated by domestic frustrations and external pressures. Castro's September 28 speech emphasized Cuba's "own way" of socialism, creating speculation about distancing from Soviet policies, while his November 23 speech reaffirmed alignment with the Soviet Union and global peace efforts. These shifts reflect the complex interplay of internal dynamics, U.S.-Cuba relations, and the broader geopolitical context, underscoring the dual influences of ideological independence and dependency on Soviet support. This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.
February 26, 1963	Copy of the Report of the Embassy in Havana Ddated February 26, 1963; Subject: 'The Political Situation in Cuba' Since the Cuban Missile Crisis, tensions in Cuba have gradually eased, with Cuban leaders increasingly accepting the Soviet Union’s position on security matters and regional policy. Soviet Ambassador Alekseev noted that Fidel Castro now understands the need for stability and is more inclined toward Soviet perspectives, though he avoids openly aligning with them to preserve Cuban autonomy. Chinese influence in Cuba's leadership has diminished, but remnants persist among some mid-level officials, while the newly forming Partido Unido de la Revolución Socialista (PURS) shows signs of deeper Soviet alignment. Although Fidel Castro dominates Cuban leadership, both he and the Soviet Union recognize that Cuba’s Communist leaders need time to fully embrace Marxist-Leninist principles. This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.
July 1961	Ministry of the Interior, 'Report. Budapest, July 28, 1961' A Hungarian state security agent analyzes the situation in Cuba. They comment on the role of the Cuban communist party in the revolution versus Fidel Castro. They also explain Cuba's foreign relations.
January 21, 1959	Tibor Zádor, 'The Events in Cuba and the United States' A Hungarian diplomat in Washington, DC, reports on the relationship between the United States and Cuba since the fall of the Batista government.
June 13, 1972	Minutes from the Meeting of the Political Committee on June 13, 1972 A discussion of Fidel Castro's visit to Hungary unfolds during a meeting of Hungary's top communist leaders.
October 9, 1957	Gazette of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, 1957, No. 43 (Overall Issue No. 116) This issue of the features a joint statement with Hungary, highlighting strengthened bilateral relations, socialist solidarity, and commitments to global peace. It details trade and payment agreements with Sri Lanka, including a five-year economic aid plan aligned with Bandung Conference principles. Additionally, it provides directives on managing oilseed procurement to ensure adequate cooking oil supply for domestic and export needs.
August 16, 1957	Gazette of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, 1957, No. 35 (Overall Issue No. 108) This issue contains Mao Zedong's congratulations to Habib Bourguiba for being elected as president of Tunisia as well as content on China-Hungary economic exchanges, China-Hungary science and technology cooperation, agricultural tax collection, creation of committees to for management of market prices, preventing pest from getting into cotton, and strengthening leadership of grassroots health organizations.
March 12, 1957	Gazette of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, 1957, No. 10 (Overall Issue No. 83) This issue contains a report by Zhou Enlai's visit to 11 countries in Asia and Europe, work arrangements, export tax regulations, Japanese encephalitis, national exams, and village reassignment.