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Eastern Europe

Romania

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Nicolae Ceausescu, 1974

Ceaușescu, Nicolae

1918- 1989

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Pyongyang photographed in March 20212

East Asia

North Korea

The Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum in Hanoi, Vietnam, 2012.

Southeast Asia

Vietnam

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

George H.W. Bush and Lech Walesa

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe

Aerial photograph of CIA headquarters

United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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Sino-Soviet Relations

Photo of Ion Gheorghe Maurer

Maurer, Ion Gheorghe

1902- 2000

Trade agreement between European Economic Community and China

China-Europe Relations

Zhao Ziyang on a tour of East Germany in June 1987.

China-Eastern Europe Relations

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Popa, N.

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Photograph of the USS Pueblo (AGER-2)

USS Pueblo Crisis

Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

Zhou, Enlai

1898- 1976

Leonid Brezhnev, 1974.

Brezhnev, Leonid Il'ich

1906- 1982

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February 17, 1970	Protocol of the Conversations Between Comrade Todor Zhivkov - First Secretary of the Central Committee of the BKP and Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the PRB, and Comrade Gustav Husak - First Secretary of the Central Committee of the KSČ The protocol summarizes the discussions between Todor Zhivkov, representing Bulgaria, and Gustav Husak, representing Czechoslovakia, during Zhivkov's visit to Prague in February 1970. The talks addressed internal party and economic developments in both countries, focusing on consolidating socialist principles and addressing challenges like economic planning and international relations. The leaders emphasized enhancing bilateral cooperation through economic specialization and cultural exchange and reaffirmed their commitment to Marxism-Leninism and solidarity with the Soviet Union. The visit reinforced their shared vision for strengthening socialist unity and addressing international challenges collaboratively. This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.
January 9, 1958	Gazette of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, 1958, No. 1 (Overall Issue No. 128) This issue includes instructions on the treatment of rural farmers, a civil affairs work plan, the establishment of counties and the revocation of autonomous prefectures, a trade agreement between China and Egypt, and technology cooperation between China and Yugoslavia. It also discusses agriculture, measures to strengthen the Ministry of Forestry’s production level, an afforestation campaign, public health initiatives, arrangements for primary and secondary school students’ winter break, construction of school buildings and improvements in education, and an order for flags to be lowered to half-staff to mark the passing of Romania's Grand National Assembly Chairman.
February 16, 1968	Transcript of Discussions between Comrade Paul Niculescu-Mizil and Comrade Boris N. Ponomarev, Secretary of the CC of the CPSU The Romanian Communist Party representatives expressed concerns about the upcoming world conference of communist and workers' parties. They worried about limited participation from key parties, including Cuba, potential divisions over controversial issues, and the impact of criticism and condemnation. To address these concerns, they proposed a more cautious approach, focusing on common ground and avoiding divisive topics. They suggested limiting the Budapest consultative meeting to an exchange of views and postponing binding decisions to a later date. The document also highlights concerns about Cuban interference in the internal affairs of other communist parties. This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.
May 9, 1963	Notification from the Central Committee on the Romania-Soviet Relationship and Our Policy towards Romania Peng Zhen held a meeting with the Romanian Ambassador to China and gained new insights into the Soviet-Romanian relationship.
January 25, 1962	Cable from the Chinese Embassy in Romania, 'Annual Work Summary for 1961 from the [Chinese] Embassy in Romania' The Chinese Embassy in Bucharest reflects on Romania's foreign policy, Sino-Romanian relations, and domestic developments in Romania in 1961.
April 18, 1963	Report by the Department of Soviet and Eastern European Affairs, Chinese Foreign Ministry, 'Recent Situation in Romania' The Department of Soviet and Eastern European Affairs says that the Soviet Union and Romania are in conflict over CMEA, and reports on Romania's recent positions towards China, Albania, and Yugoslavia.
November 11, 1963	Cable from the Chinese Embassy in Romania, 'Initial Reactions to Maurer’s Article' The Chinese Embassy in Romania evaluates Ion Gheorghe Maurer's article, "The Unshakeable Foundation of the Unity of the International Communist Movement."
November 22, 1963	Cable from the Chinese Foreign Ministry, 'What to Say About Maurer’s Article' The Chinese Foreign Ministry advises its diplomats "not to criticize Romania directly" despite indications that Ion Gheorghe Maurer is supporting the Soviet Union.
February 14, 1962	Cable from the Chinese Embassy in Romania, 'Summary Report on Romania’s Attitude towards Us [China]' The Chinese Embassy reports that Romania's attitudes towards China continue to shift between hot and cold.
November 24, 1964	Cable from the Chinese Embassy in Romania, 'Summary Report on Romania’s Reaction to the 22nd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union' The Chinese Embassy in Bucharest reports on Romania's views of de-Stalinization, Albania, and China.