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1980-81 Polish Crisis

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Stalin, Joseph

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United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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Gomułka, Władysław

1905- 1982

Leonid Brezhnev, 1974.

Brezhnev, Leonid Il'ich

1906- 1982

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Jaruzelski, W. (Wojciech)

1923- 2014

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931- 2022

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Documents

September 3, 1968	The Position of the Communist Party of Cuba Towards the Conference of the Communist Parties and the Problems of the International Revolutionary Movement This report describes how the Cuban Communist Party's position diverges from the broader international communist movement and how it desires to maintain neutrality in Sino-Soviet disputes.
February 12, 1969	Note from the Conversation between the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Comrade Jędrychowski, and the Ambassador of the Republic of Cuba, Flores Ibarra The discussion between Comrade Jędrychowski, Poland’s Minister of Foreign Affairs, and Cuban Ambassador Flores Ibarra focused on Polish-Cuban trade and political relations. The conversation highlighted challenges in bilateral trade, including sugar overproduction and quality concerns for Cuban citrus fruits, while emphasizing Cuba's plans to diversify exports and expand coffee and sugar production. Politically, relations were characterized as stable, with mutual understanding, though the Cuban ambassador explained Cuba’s absence from recent Communist Party congresses due to internal decisions. This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.
June 4, 1969	Cipher No. 6247 from Havana This document discusses Cuba's decision to send observers to a Soviet-led conference, highlighting their shift from a previously neutral position due to pressure from Brezhnev and the Soviet Politburo. The decision, driven by the desire to maintain Soviet support during a difficult period, was met with caution due to fears of Chinese economic retaliation, signaling potential tensions in Sino-Cuban relations. This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.
December 16, 1957	Gazette of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, 1957, No. 53 (Overall Issue No. 126) This issue features sections on China-Afghanistan economic exchanges, China-Poland healthcare cooperation, measures for constructing the 1958 state bonds, phytosanitary treatment measures, the State Council's decision to establish the Guannan, Tongru, and Shazhou autonomous prefectures, the abolishment of Huangzhu county, and policies on forest protection and fire prevention.
November 20, 1957	Gazette of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, 1957, No. 49 (Overall Issue No. 122) This issue focuses on science and technology cooperation between China and Poland, a draft of the 1958 national economic plan, using wine as a substitute in response to grain shortages, strengthening farmland, expanding water conservancy projects, composting campaigns, improving working conditions for high-level intellectuals, and transferring active-duty officers to government positions.
February 27, 1967	Note on the Preliminary General Intelligence Situation This document outlines the isolation of Cuba within the Americas due to U.S. pressure, leaving Mexico and Canada as its only limited connections. It describes the Cuban Communist Party's (CPC) criticism of Latin American communist parties for their lack of commitment to armed struggle and its preference for guerrilla movements that align with Cuban leadership. The CPC’s structure and ideology are detailed, emphasizing its rejection of traditional Marxist approaches in favor of armed revolution led by the petty bourgeoisie, followed by proletarianization. The document also discusses the decline in Fidel Castro's popularity due to economic struggles, including stagnating agricultural production, reliance on sugar exports, and high emigration rates. The emigration process is heavily regulated, with emigrants subject to property confiscation, social ostracism, and loss of Cuban citizenship. It highlights the role of Committees for the Defense of the Revolution in monitoring citizens and enforcing state control, reflecting the CPC's focus on security and ideological conformity amidst economic and political challenges. This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.
May 15, 1969	Note regarding the Intelligence Situation in Cuba This 1969 Polish intelligence document details the restrictive surveillance environment in Cuba, particularly on personnel of socialist embassies. It describes widespread monitoring of embassy staff by Cuban counterintelligence, including designated "guardians" who closely observe foreigners’ social interactions. Additionally, it reports severe rationing, limited public social spaces, and restricted freedom of movement for diplomatic staff, who face barriers to interacting freely with locals due to fear of government retribution. This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.
July 3, 1959	Record of Conversation between Comrade N.S. Khrushchev and Comrade Ho Chi Minh Ho Chi Minh informs Khrushchev about relations between Vietnam and Laos, and Khrushchev briefs Ho Chi Minh on Soviet relations with the UAR and Iraq. Khrushchev expresses support for Nasser. They also discuss the success of the USSR's seven-year plan and DRV's upcoming five year plan.
July 2, 1962	A. Krajewski, 'Assessment of Polish Position in Cuba during the Visit of Minister Rapacki, Based on the Conversations I had in Havana After his Departure' According to this Polish report, Soviet Ambassador Kudryavtsev’s dismissal was made at Fidel Castro’s explicit request.
August 14, 1962	Bolesław Jeleń, 'Memo to Department VI [Latin America]' According to the Polish embassy in Havana, Sovie Ambassador Sergei Kudryavtsev failed to develop a sufficiently close relationship with Castro. The report also comments on the visit of Adam Rapacki to Cuba.