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Photograph of the city of Kuwait.

Middle East

Kuwait

Photograph of the Hands of Victory Monument in Baghdad.

Middle East

Iraq

Kofi Annan and Saddam Hussein

Hussein, Saddam

1937- 2006

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

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Gulf War, 1990-1991

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931- 2022

Japan's Itsukushima Shrine

East Asia

Japan

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Kaifu, Toshiki

1931- 2022

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Western Europe

France

Photograph of Helmut Kohl, 1982.

Kohl, Helmut

1930- 2017

Saddam on the Phone in 1988

The Saddam Files

Official portrait for President George H.W. Bush, 1989.

Bush, George H.W.

1924- 2018

Helmut Kohl addresses the United Nations, June 1997.

Helmut Kohl Transcripts

Aerial photograph of CIA headquarters

United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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George H.W. Bush and Lech Walesa

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe

Photograph of Gorbachev-Bush summit at Malta, 1989

End of the Cold War

Soviet Foreign Policy

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February 29, 1992	Saddam's Meetings with Military Commanders on 29 February 1992 This Audio file contains the following: A meeting between Saddam Hussein and his military commanders. Saddam says that he did not expect the post-Gulf War uprising in the South, but that he did expect to be attacked by the United States. They discuss the power of the tribes and their ties to the government, internal security issues, and emergency plans in case of another uprising.
July 1990	Text of a Conversation Recorded for Saudi King Fahad and the Egyptian President Husni Mubarak Contains text of a recorded conversation between Fahad and Mubarak discussing Iraq-Kuwait relations and possibly arranging a meeting between each country's president.
August 2, 1992	A dispatch by Saddam Hussein discussing the effects of sanctions after the Mother of All Battles. This file contains script of the hearing held by Saddam meeting with ministers of the cabinet, to discuss both the economic and social issues during the sanctions of 2 Aug 1992. In this dispatch, Saddam Hussein concentrated on the embargo and its socio-economic consequences, and proposed remedies/ways forward for them.
August 12, 1990	Drafts for various speeches by Saddam Hussein in 1990 File contains pages 29-56 of original 70 page document. The pages in this file contain details about the telephone calls and meetings held between Saddam Hussein and Egyptian President Muhammad Husny Mubarak regarding Hussein's invasion of Kuwait.
Date unknown	Meeting Between Saddam Hussein and Council of Ministers Saddam, Tariq Aziz, and other officials discuss the state of Arab diplomacy and the sanctions regime against Iraq. They consider prospects for lifting the sanctions in conjunction with the visit of Ekeus. They also discuss religious issues and the role of Islam in various Middle Eastern countries.
Date unknown	Saddam Hussein Meeting with Iraqi Ministers regarding the Advantages of Invading Kuwait This undated 63‐minute audio file highlights a meeting between Saddam Hussein and the Iraqi Cabinet discussing the relations between Saddam and Kuwait. Saddam Hussein asked the ministers to give their views on the process of merging Kuwait with Iraq. The ministers in turn gave their opinions and encouraged Saddam on his courageous step, namely invading Kuwait. They also mentioned information about the Kuwaiti people and their conditions and that Kuwait was a part of Iraq.
October 8, 1990	Cable No. 1862 from Ambassador Yamada Chusei (Egypt) to the Minister of Foreign Affairs, 'The Prime Minister’s Visit to the Middle East (Luncheon with Egyptian President Mubarak)' Summary of Japanese Prime Minister Kaifu's luncheon with Egyptian President Mubarak in the wake of Iraq's invasion of Kuwait. Among issues discussed were French President Mitterand's proposed response to the invasion and a desert greening project in Egypt.
October 3, 1990	Cable No. 1828 from Ambassador Yamada Chusei (Egypt) to the Minister of Foreign Affairs, 'Japan-Egypt Summit Meeting (First Meeting: The Situation in the Gulf)' The small group session at the beginning of the meeting was suddenly, on instructions from President Hosni Mubarak, turned into a tete-a-tete meeting (only the other side’s Prime Minister Atef Sedky joined him), with the situation in the Gulf the only issue raised. The document is a summary of its main points. (Present from the other side was Prime Minister Sedky. Interpreter: Tsuruoka Koji).
October 4, 1990	Cable No. 1191 from Ambassador Nonoyama Tadayuki (Jordan) to the Minister of Foreign Affairs, 'The Prime Minister’s Visit to the Middle East (Meeting with Prime Minister Badran)' Summary of Japanese Prime Minister Kaifu's meeting with Jordanian Prime Minister Badran. Badran thanks Kaifu for Japan's economic commitment to the region to help alleviate the impact of Iraq's invasion of Kuwait and subsequent sanctions enacted by the UN, hoping "the portion allocated to Jordan will be commensurate with the economic losses that Jordan will suffer."
October 4, 1990	Cable No. 1202 from Ambassador Nonoyama Tadayuki (Jordan) to the Minister of Foreign Affairs, 'Prime Minister Kaifu’s Visit to Jordan (Tea with the Crown Prince)' Summary of Japanese Prime Minister Kaifu's conversation with Jordanian Crown Prince Hassan about Kaifu's earlier meeting with Iraqi Deputy Prime Minister Ramadan.