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Eastern Africa

Somalia

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Eastern Africa

Ethiopia

Horn of Africa Crisis

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Mengistu Haile-Mariam

1937-

The Soviet Union in the Horn of Africa

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

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Ratanov

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Barre, Maxamed Siyaad (Siad Barre)

1920- 1995

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Soviet Union. Embassy (Ethiopia)

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Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

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Eastern Africa

Eritrea

Fidel Castro, 1959.

Castro, Fidel

1926- 2016

Cuba's National Capitol Building, January 2010.

Central America and Caribbean

Cuba

Leonid Brezhnev, 1974.

Brezhnev, Leonid Il'ich

1906- 1982

President Ronald Reagan, Vice-President Bush, and oviet General Secretary Gorbachev

United States-Soviet Relations

Cuban Foreign Relations

China and Africa

George H.W. Bush and Lech Walesa

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe

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January 12, 1993	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with Secretary General of the United Nations, Dr. Boutros-Ghali, on Monday, 11 January 1993 Kohl and Ghali discuss Germany's international position after unification and the end of the Cold War. Kohl argues that many were surprised by the return of "old demons" in former Yugoslavia. He emphasizes the long-term objective of establish a new sort of European crisis management excluding a repetition of violent conflicts. This was the rational for his strong engagement in favor of the Maastricht Treaty.
July 28, 1982	Excerpts of Talks between Leading Comrades and Foreign Guests (No. 7) A Chinese Communist Party digest of commentaries about Chinese foreign affairs and domestic politics made by Hu Yaobang, Zhao Ziyang, Deng Xiaoping, Zhang Wenjin, and Huang Hua to various foreign officials from the United States, the Philippines, and other countries.
April 16, 1993	Record of Japan-United States Summit Meeting This record contains summaries of: (1) the tête-à-tête meeting between President Clinton and Prime Minister Mizazawa; (2) a small group meeting involving the President and Prime Minister, as well as several senior members of the US and Japanese cabinets; and (3) an expanded working lunch. Topics of discussion included U.S.-Japan strategic and economic relations, climate change, the Uruguay Round, policies towards Russia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Cambodia, Haiti, and China, and Japan's status at the United Nations. Various portions of the document were withheld, including an entire section on North Korea.
May 7, 1960	Conversation from [Mao Zedong's] Audience with Guests from Africa Mao describes the history of Western imperialism in China and discusses ways that people around the world are opposing imperialism. He pledges to support the anti-imperialist struggle in Africa and calls for unity. (Note: in this 1968 edition, the names of a Cuban national hero and his younger brother [presumably Fidel and Raul Castro] are redacted.)
August 12, 1989	National Intelligence Daily for Saturday, 12 August 1989 The CIA’s National Intelligence Daily for 12 August 1989 describes the latest developments in Lebanon, Iran, Syria, Somalia, the Soviet Union, Eastern Europe, South Africa, Ecuador, Namibia, and Cuba.
August 4, 1989	National Intelligence Daily for Friday, 4 August 1989 The CIA’s National Intelligence Daily for 4 August 1989 describes the latest developments in Lebanon, Iran, El Salvador, the Soviet Union, Afghanistan, Thailand, Somalia, Bolivia, Romania, the United States, and Israel.
October 16, 1963	Record of Conversation from Premier Zhou’s Reception of the Tanganyikan Cultural Delegation Zhou and Lawi Nangwanda Sijaona discuss the Sino-Indian border conflict and African regionalism.
August 18, 1981	Telegram from Czechoslovak Embassy in Addis Ababa Prague’s representation to Addis Ababa offers an insight into the Soviet Union’s economic assistance toward Ethiopia in the early 1980s, while voicing, at the same time, the Soviet economic delegation’s nuanced and candid impression of Mengistu’s abilities to control the course of the revolutionary transformations.
January 16, 1978	British Foreign Office, 'Soviet Role in the Horn of Africa' Drawing upon British concerns with respect to their possible reaction to Moscow’s support for Ethiopia against Somalia’s aggression, the Foreign Office Planning Staff looks into the wider international implications of the conflict in the Horn.
September 2, 1977	Message from Yugolav Embassy Addis Ababa, 'The Soviet Ambassador on the Ethiopian-Soviet Relations' A detailed view of Soviet reactions toward the Ethiopian-Somali conflict as of early September 1977, showing Moscow’s envoy to Addis Ababa’s conviction that Ethiopia would emerge victorious from the war. However, this document also gives a somewhat critical view on the part of Yugoslav’s diplomat regarding the Soviets’ unofficial and unsuccessful attempt to persuade Ethiopia to surrender part of Ogaden in order to appease the Somalis.