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Documents

January 22, 1944

Stalin’s Conversation with Choibalsan

Conversations between Joseph Stalin and Khorloogiin Choibalsan about Mongolia and efforts to defend against possible Chinese attacks during World War II.

April 24, 1948

Excerpt on Xinjiang from Minutes No. 69 of the VKP(b) CC Politburo Meetings

The Soviet Politburo makes recommendations for governance and security in the East Turkestan Republic.

October 5, 1945

L. Beria to Cde. V.M. Molotov

Beria writes that Osman Batur does not intend to recognize the East Turkestan Republic. Instead, Osman will create an independent state in Altai, in part due to the support of Choibalsan.

April 9, 1951

Memorandum to Mr. B. Kuniholm from Enver Shakul, 'News from Sinkiang'

Enver Shakul, a Xinjiang exile working at the US Embassy in Ankara, shares the latest gossip from China's northwest.

1948

Appeal to the Peoples of Xinjiang

The Association for the Defense of Peace and Democracy in Xinjiang issues a twelve point list of demands for political and social change.

April 24, 1948

Excerpt on Xinjiang from Minutes No. 63 of the VKP(b) CC Politburo Meetings

The Central Committee of the CPSU announces measures to increase Soviet support of the East Turkestan Republic (ETR), a rebellion in northern Xinjiang.

February 24, 1947

Excerpt on Xinjiang from Minutes No. 57 of the VKP(b) CC Politburo Meetings

The CPSU Central Committee announces measures "directed against" Ospan Batyr (Osman Batur).

July 12, 1947

Letter from Ahmetjan Qasimi and Rahim Jan Sabri to Mr. Savel'yev, Consul General of the USSR in Urumqi

Ahmetjan Qasimi and a colleague asks for Stalin's and the Soviet Union's support in protecting the interests of Muslims in Xinjiang.

July 1945

Telegram from Cde. Yegnarov for Cde. Beria

Cde. Yegnarov reports on his meeting with "Sadyk," noting his persistent requests to begin military operations against the Chinese and for "Sadyk" to lead the operation against the Chinese in the South of Xinjiang. Yegnarov also describes military maneuvers in the Ili District and requests permission to transfer Red Army detachments in order to liberate the Tarbaghatai District.

April 29, 1945

Report from L. Beria and A. Vyshinsky to Cde. I.V. Stalin

Beria and Vyshinsky summarize the prevailing conditions in the Ili District of Xinjiang, describing the equipment and foodstuffs seized by the rebels, the extent of Chinese army losses, and the provisional government headed by Alihan Tore Shakirjan. Urging Stalin to support the Ili Muslims' liberation movement, they offer suggestions for future actions in support of the rebel army.