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South Asia

Afghanistan

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Afghan resistance fighters return to a village destroyed by Soviet forces

Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931- 2022

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

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South Asia

Pakistan

Leonid Brezhnev, 1974.

Brezhnev, Leonid Il'ich

1906- 1982

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Najibullah, Mohammad

1947- 1996

Sino-Soviet Relations

Andrei Gromyko at the UN, 1981

Gromyko, Andrei Andreevich

1909- 1989

Aerial photograph of CIA headquarters

United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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The Taj Mahal Shrine in Agra, India.

South Asia

India

George H.W. Bush and Lech Walesa

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe

Soviet Foreign Policy

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Taraki, Nur Mohamed

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Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

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May 12, 1982	CPSU Memorandum, 'The Position of the PRC on Afghanistan' Report describing China's subversive actions against the Soviet occupation in Afghanistan.
August 23, 1990	Record of a Conversation of M. S. Gorbachev with President of Afghanistan Najibullah Gorbachev and Najibullah discuss the instability in the Soviet Union following perestroika reforms, and the comparatively quiet situation in Afghanistan following the withdrawal of Soviet troops.
June 13, 1988	Record of a Conversation of M. S. Gorbachev with President of Afghanistan, General Secretary of the CC PDPA Najibullah Gorbachev and Najibullah discuss perestroika and the reforms taking place in the Soviet Union, and the ongoing withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan.
April 7, 1988	Record of a Conversation of M. S. Gorbachev with President of Afghanistan, General Secretary of the CC PDPA Najibullah, Tashkent Najibullah and Gorbachev discuss the situation in Afghanistan, the politics of the new government, plans for the withdrawal of Soviet troops, and the Geneva Accords signed in 1988 to facilitate it.
November 3, 1987	Record of a Conversation of M. S. Gorbachev with the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan Najibullah Najibullah and Gorbachev discuss a recent all-party conference of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) and plans to hold a coalition meeting (Loya Jirga) at which a new Afghan constitution will be adopted and a new president elected.
July 20, 1987	Record of a Conversation of M. S. Gorbachev with the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan Cde. Najib (Excerpt) Najibullah and Gorbachev discuss the implementation of a policy of "national reconciliation" and political settlement in preparation for Soviet troops withdrawal from Afghanistan.
January 4, 1980	Meeting of Soviet Foreign Minister Gromyko and Afghan Foreign Minister Shad Mohammad Dost, 4 January 1980 Gromyko and Dost discuss the situation in Soviet-occupied Afghanistan and foreign relations between Afghanistan and Western countries.
June 9, 1982	Conversation between Soviet Foreign Ministry Official Mikhail S. Kapitsa and Deputy Foreign Minister of Mongolia D. Yondon Record of conversation between Mikhail S. Kapitsa, the head of the First Far Eastern Department of the Soviet Foreign Ministry, and D. Yondon, First Deputy Foreign Minister of the Mongolian People's Republic. They discuss foreign relations with China, Japan and North Korea. They also discuss the current situation in Vietnam, India and Pakistan, and Afghanistan.
July 11, 1978	Journal of Soviet Ambassador Puzanov, Memorandum of Conversation with Hafizullah Amin and Delegation of the Soviet Academy of Sciences Soviet Ambassador Puzanov introduces Hafizullah Amin at the Afghan Ministry of Foreign Affairs to a delegation from the USSR Academy of Sciences, headed by the President of the Academy of Sciences of the Tajik SSR, M.S. Asimov. They discuss the state of scientific research in Afghanistan and future scientific cooperation with the Soviet Union.
July 11, 1978	Journal of Soviet Ambassador Puzanov, Memorandum of Conversation with N.M. Taraki and Delegation of the Soviet Academy of Sciences Ae delegation from the USSR Academy of Sciences meets with Taraki to discuss scientific development in Afghanistan and future collaboration with the Soviet Union.