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Chinese Nuclear History

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

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Chinese Nuclear Testing

Sino-Soviet Alliance, 1950-1959

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Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

China-Southeast Asia Relations

Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

Zhou, Enlai

1898- 1976

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India

Pyongyang photographed in March 20212

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China. Foreign Ministry

1949-

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Mao, Zedong

1893- 1976

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Soviet Union. Communist Party. Central Committee (CPSU CC)

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April 1984	Central Intelligence Agency, Directorate of Intelligence, 'Briefing Material for the President's Trip to China' Includes memoranda on "China's Independent Foreign Policy in Perspective," "The Foreign Policy Positions of China's Senior Leaders," "Deng-Zhao with Brzezinski--An Assessment," "Sino-Soviet Relations," "China and a Korean Dialogue," "Sino-Soviet Trade and Economic Relations," "China and Japan: Building for the Long Haul," "China's Taiwan Policy," "China-Southeast Asia," "China: Leadership and Succession," "China: Economic Reforms," "US-China Economic Relations," "China: Expanding Market for US Energy Firms," "China: Nuclear Power Prospects," and "China: Changes in Military Industrial Development Policy-Implications for the United States."
December 20, 1963	Transcript of Conversation between Zhou Enlai and Reporters in Cairo Premier Zhou and Chen Yi answer questions from reporters in Cairo. Zhou and Chen were asked about issues such as their visit to Arab and African countries, China's support for national liberation movements in Asia, Africa, and Latin America, the United Arab Republic (Egypt) and Sri Lanka's perspective of the Sino-Indian border conflict, the purpose of the Chinese delegation's visit to Arab and African countries, issues that will be discussed in potential second Bandung Conference, the Sino-Soviet split, and the Pakistani national movement. Zhou also explains why China opposed the ban on nuclear test treaty.
August 11, 1963	Transcript of Conversation between Zhou Enlai and José Ancizar Lopez Zhou Enlai speaks with head of the Colombian House of Representatives delegation to China, José Ancizar Lopez, about an initiative to establish a nuclear weapons free zone in Latin America. Lopez agrees that nuclear weapons should not be used, but nuclear energy for medicine and other peaceful uses is good. Zhou calls on Latin America and Africa to take the initiative on preventing the use of nuclear weapons.
August 19, 1955	Proposal of the USSR Ministry of Higher Education on Providing Assistance to the Chinese People’s Republic in Training Specialists for Work in the Area of the Peaceful Use of Atomic Energy The CPSU CC agrees to assist the PRC with nuclear energy training.
August 19, 1955	Letter to the Soviet Ambassador [in Beijing] The Soviet Union will help to train Chinese specialists in the area of nuclear energy.
June 16, 1966	Letter, USSR Ministry of Finance to the Ministry of Finance of the Chinese People’s Republic, Beijing The USSR balked at China’s desire for a refund of money contributed to the Joint Institute of Nuclear Research (JINR) after it decided to pull out of the institute.
April 3, 1964	Cable from the Chinese Foreign Ministry, 'Reporting the Contents of Premier Zhou's Talks with the Ambassadors of Arab Countries in China' Zhou discusses China's relationships across the Middle East, including PRC policy toward Israel. He also reviews the proposed nuclear-weapons-free-zones in Africa and Latin America, as well as developments concerning the Non-Aligned Movement and the Second Asian-African Conference.
November 24, 1964	K.R. Narayanan, 'India and the Chinese Bomb' K.R. Narayanan, Director of China Division at Ministry of External Affairs, writes that the explosion of the first nuclear bomb by China will alter the political balance of Asia and the world and development of nuclear weapons by India can be justified and beneficial for the country and the international system as well.
August 30, 1965	Note, P. S. Ratnam, 'Starred Question No. 8196 for 30-8-1965 in Lok Sabha' The Indian Ministry of Defense evaluated the impact of the Chinese nuclear explosion and reported that the more immediate and real Chinese threat comes from conventional arms. The Chinese nuclear test poses a long term military threat, but its strategic implication and India's consequent actions require constant review.
April 2, 1960	Note, G. R. Walker to H. L. Khanna The note contains articles on the peaceful utilization of atomic energy and other achievements in nuclear science by China, which were shown to Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai by Prime Minister Nehru.