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Eastern Europe

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

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Eastern Europe

Czechoslovakia

Intelligence Operations in the Cold War

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

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Eastern Europe

Bulgaria

Warsaw Pact

Sino-Soviet Relations

Soviet Foreign Policy

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Zhivkov, Todor

1911- 1998

Todor Zhivkov Collection

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

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Pjescak

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Leonid Brezhnev, 1974.

Brezhnev, Leonid Il'ich

1906- 1982

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Bulgaria. Ministry of Foreign Affairs

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Andropov, Yuri Vladimirovich

1914- 1984

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Gomułka, Władysław

1905- 1982

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Documents

March 17, 1987	Antonio Rubbi, 'Note for Comrades: Natta and Napolitano' This document dated March 17, 1987 is a report from Antonio Rubbi on his meeting with the Chinese foreign minister, Wu Xueqian. The most interesting facts of the meeting were that China expected to establish full relations with all Eastern European socialist countries by the end of 1987 and that the student protests had been fueled by intellectuals who wanted to “westernize” the country. As for Hu Yaobang, the Chinese official explained that had been removed from office because he had failed to uphold the principles of Chinese policy.
February 1, 1983	Antonio Rubbi, 'Note for Comrades: Berlinguer, Pajetta, Bufalini, and the Secretariat' Introduced by a cover letter by Antonio Rubbi dated February 1, 1983, this letter from Siegmund Ginzberg dated January 27, 1983 is an account of a conversation with Deng Liqun in which he uses harsh words when speaking of US President Ronald Reagan. The letter also provides an overview of the state of Chinese relations with communist parties around the world.
August 23, 1983	Meeting with Foreign Minister Wu Xueqian This document is an account of the meeting between Wu Xueqian, Chinese foreign minister, and Enrico Berlinguer, secretary of the Italian Communist Party, in Beijing on August 28, 1983. The topics covered by the meeting were the improvement in relations with the Eastern bloc and talks on disarmament, as well as relations with other countries
June 9, 1969	Soviet Embassy in North Korea, 'Concerning Changes in the Views of the Korean Leadership on Questions of the Unity of the Socialist Camp and the International Communist Movement' The report states that the DPRK is influenced less by Beijing and has started to contact European socialist countries more. It describes how DPRK is advocating for “absolute independence” as well.
December 14, 1983	Cable from Géza Kótai, 'Report on the China Consultation of CC International Departments of Fraternal Parties of Ten Socialist Countries' Report on annual Interkit meeting to coordinate Soviet bloc analysis of and policy towards China.
December 2, 1983	Cable from Ernő Lakatos and Gyula Horn, 'Proposal for the Political Committee' East German representatives proposed the formation of a permanent consultation group of socialist countries to coordinate international policy and propaganda.
September 11, 1969	Minutes of Conversation between the Romanian Delegation to Ho Chi Minh’s Funeral, Led by Ion Gheorge Maurer, and the Chinese Delegation, Led by Zhou Enlai, 11 September 1969 Meeting between Chinese and Romanian delegations. The Romanians express their belief that it would take pressure off of them, if the tensions between the USSR and China were resolved. They discuss the general relations between the USSR and Romania and other states in Eastern Europe, specifically how closely their militaries and economies are linked to those of the Soviet Union. Enlai notes how individual communist parties now develop independently, instead of in cooperation with others.
November 20, 1963	Minutes of the HSWP Political Committee Session - Views of Polish Leader Władysław Gomułka on the Cuban Proposal to Join the Warsaw Pact Władysław Gomułka views of Cuba’s proposal to the Warsaw Pact are recorded in the minutes of a HSWP Political Committee session. He explains why Poland opposes Cuba’s entry into the Warsaw Pact. The statements include concerns over the Federal Republic of Germany, nuclear and conventional weapons, and counter-revolution.
April 5, 1976	Communist Party of Moldovia Central Committee, No. 125 s, to CPSU Central Committee, 'On the Creation of a Sector on the History of the International Communist Movement within the Institute of Party History at the Moldavian Communist Party' As part of the campaign to combat nationalist Romanian propaganda, the Moldavian leader informs the CPSU CC about the creation of a new section in the Moldavian Institute of Party History. This new section would include "a group of specialists... familiarized with the works of Romanian authors, [and] knowing the languages of the countries whose parties made up the Balkan Communist Federation."
December 7, 1988	Address by Mikhail Gorbachev at the UN General Assembly Session (Excerpts) Excerpts from an address by Gorbachev at the 43rd United Nations General Assembly Session. Gorbachev announced major cuts to the Soviet military presence in Eastern Europe and along the Chinese border.