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Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Sino-Soviet Relations

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

Portrait of Mao Zedong from propaganda poster

Mao, Zedong

1893- 1976

Pyongyang photographed in March 20212

East Asia

North Korea

The Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum in Hanoi, Vietnam, 2012.

Southeast Asia

Vietnam

The Taj Mahal Shrine in Agra, India.

South Asia

India

Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

Zhou, Enlai

1898- 1976

Handshake between Mao Zedong and Richard Nixon

Sino-American Cooperation, 1972-1989

Interkit, 1966-1987

Trade agreement between European Economic Community and China

China-Europe Relations

Conversations with Mao Zedong

Deng Xiaoping, 1979.

Deng, Xiaoping

1904- 1997

A photo of Henry Kissinger from 1975

Kissinger, Henry

1923-

Kim Il Sung, 1978

Kim, Il Sung

1912- 1994

Placeholder image for when a portrait image is not available

Zhivkov, Todor

1911- 1998

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October 2, 1957	Memorandum by Frank Aiken [on an Interview with Scott McCleod and the Taoiseach] Aiken made an immediate impression on his arrival in the Twelfth Session of the UN General Assembly in September 1957. He adopted an impartial posture of assessing each issue on its merits and campaigning to remodel international politics around self-determination, humanitarianism, and peace. His exhortation was that only the UN had the moral authority and political legitimacy to put forward global solutions. While he did not propose nuclear disarmament measures specifically, his intent was signaled by his recommendation for a mutual drawback of foreign forces (including their nuclear weapons) in central Europe and his endorsement of a proposal to discuss the representation of China in the United Nations. The Eisenhower administration was hostile to Aiken’s course as outlined in the U.S. ambassador’s audience with Taoiseach Eamon de Valera and Aiken in Dublin on 2 October. The record underlines the Irish concerns about accidental nuclear war due to the proximity of opposing U.S. and Soviet forces in central Europe.
2003	Tran Quang Co: A Memoir The memoir of Trần Quang Cơ (1927-2015), former member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) and First Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), brings to light the intense diplomacy among great powers and regional players over the continued conflicts in Indochina after the unification of Vietnam as well as the bitter disagreements within the Vietnamese leadership over the country’s political priorities during the period of 1975-1993. Cơ put together his memories and thoughts on “many sensitive developments” in Vietnamese foreign relations that he believed had been “intentionally or unintentionally” forgotten (rơi rụng) in the state-endorsed history “to ‘smooth over’ (tròn trĩnh) the historical record.” Completed in Vietnamese in 2001 (updated in 2003) and informally circulated on the internet, Merle Pribbenow’s English-translation makes this valuable historical source available to wider audiences.
July 6, 1963	Notes from the Conversation of Comrade Hysni Kapo with the Chinese Ambassador Luo Shigao on 6 July 1963 [Excerpt] Hysni Kapo and Luo Shigao discuss the state of the international communist movement, reviewing developments country by country.
March 23, 1979	Cabinet Ministerial Group on Nuclear Non-Proliferation, 'Pakistan's Nuclear Programme: Pressures and Inducements' This report, created in March 1979 by the Ministerial Group on Nuclear Non-Proliferation, explores the state of Pakistan’s nuclear program. The document also explores topics like Pakistan’s political status among its neighbors in the Arab world, as well as possible ways Pakistan could be induced to terminate its nuclear activities. In the face of alarmists such as Arthur Hummel in the US and Anthony Parsons in the UK, the influential British analysts on the Ministerial Group on Nuclear Non-proliferation thought it unlikely that Arab countries would knowingly fund Pakistan's nuclear programme, even though it was suggested many Muslim states might welcome a co-religionist achieving the ‘ultimate technological feat’. For nations such as Saudi Arabia, relations with the West were situated as far more significant than connections with Islamabad, despite Pakistan's position as a bulwark between the Muslim world and the USSR. The group suggested enlisting Arab governments in order to put pan-Islamic pressure on Pakistan, arguing that security concerns related to India – and not a desire to equip the Muslim world with a ‘nuclear sword’ – were the nuclear programme's main drivers. Addressing Islamabad’s security issues – a constant in British and American discussions about Pakistan – represented the surest way of achieving positive results. Where the pan-Islamic issue might come into play – analysts suggested – was after any Pakistani nuclear test, where Islamabad might enlist Muslim countries to help resist Western pressure to give up ‘the first nuclear weapon to be developed in a Moslem country.'
May 23, 1955	Transcript of Conversation between Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao and Eugenie Cotton Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao converse with Eugenie Cotton, chairwoman of the International Democratic Federation of Women, about her visit to China. Cotton was overall pleased with her visit to China and says she would be happy to visit China again in the future. They also discuss both countries development. Zhou comments on how France's industries， culture, and economy are more developed compared to China. Cotton emphasizes uniting women's federations all over the world to promote world peace. Zhou refers to Sino-Japan relations to give advice to the French delegation on improving relations between France and Germany.
April 16, 1956	Gazette of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, 1956, No. 14 (Overall Issue No. 40) In this issue, Zhou Enlai congratulates the Prime Minister of Morocco, Mbarek Bekkay, and the Prime Minister of Tunisia, Tahar Ben Ammar, after both countries won their independence. One section announces a Sino-North Vietnamese civilian air transport service agreement; while another features a Sino-Soviet agreement to develop various industries and build a railway between Lanzhou and Aktogay (now in Kazakhstan). Finally, other sections discuss managing cooperatives, higher education, and provincial administrative concerns.
September 20, 1964	Remarks from [Mao Zedong's] Audience with an Economic Delegation from the Government of Algeria Along with discussing other issues, Mao reminds Algerian government officials that they will need the support of ordinary people to develop their new country and consolidate political power.
April 15, 1964	Conversation from [Mao Zedong's] Audience with an Algerian Cultural Delegation Mao and visitors from Algeria discuss the independence and development of their respective countries. The Algerians are eager to learn from Chinese communist policies and history. (Note: the given names of Ding (丁) and Zhou (周) were redacted.)
November 25, 1958	Conversation from [Mao Zedong's] First Audience with a [North] Korean Delegation Mao emphasizes that the 12 fraternal socialist countries need to develop mutual understanding and resolutely follow the socialist road.
July 25, 1990	National Intelligence Daily for Wednesday, 25 July 1990 The CIA’s National Intelligence Daily for 25 July 1990 describes the latest developments in Iraq, Kuwait, Liberia, the Soviet Union, China, Taiwan, European Community, Hungary and Germany.