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Western Europe

France

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Western Europe

Germany

Photograph of Helmut Kohl, 1982.

Kohl, Helmut

1930- 2017

Helmut Kohl addresses the United Nations, June 1997.

Helmut Kohl Transcripts

François Mitterrand in 1983

Mitterrand, François

1916- 1996

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

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Hartmann, Peter

1935-

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Official portrait for President George H.W. Bush, 1989.

Bush, George H.W.

1924- 2018

"The Bundeshaus (Federal Building) in Bonn, West Germany, May 1961. "

Western Europe

West Germany

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931- 2022

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Western Europe

Great Britain

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Gulf War, 1990-1991

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Baker, James Addison

1930-

George H.W. Bush and Lech Walesa

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe

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September 12, 1996	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Telephone Conversation with Polish President Kwasniewski on Thursday, 12 September 1996, 9.30 hours Kohl and Kwasniewski exchange thoughts on the state of Yeltsin's health. They agree that NATO must not pursue further steps in the enlargement process during the period of Yeltsin's illness after his coronary bypass surgery. Finally, Kohl and Kwasniewski look into the timetable for NATO enlargement and the decision about its new members at the July 1997 NATO summit in Madrid.
January 10, 1996	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with the President of the Polish Republic, Mister Alexander Kwasniewski on 9 January 1996 at the Chancellor’s Office Kohl refers to the Franco-German relationship as a role model for Germany’s relationship with Poland. Kwasniewski looks into Poland's domestic reform agenda stressing the importance of further expanding Poland's ties with NATO and the EC.
July 18, 1995	Memorandum: Situation in former Yugoslavia, here: The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Telephone Conversation with Prime Minister Major on 17 July 1995 Kohl and Major discuss the situation in former Yugoslavia and the need to draw a red line to stop Serbian attacks in the Bosnian war. Both emphasize a potential change in NATO's posture moving from a a peace keeping operation toward a peace enforcing position entailing the possibility of full-fledged war against the Bosnian Serbs.
April 19, 1993	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Telephone Conversation with French President Mitterrand on Monday, 19 April, 13.45-13.55 hours Kohl and Mitterrand discuss NATO's surprising decision to call for Turkish fighter aircraft in the mission to control Bosnia-Hercegovina's airspace. Both criticize the fact that the decision was taken by the military without political consultations. Both Kohl and Mitterrand believe that "this was to wrong way to bring back Turkey to the Balkans."
March 19, 1993	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Telephone Conversation with French President Mitterrand on Thursday, 18 March 1993 Mitterrand gives a report on his recent meeting with Yeltsin emphasizing his support for the idea to have a multilateral Western summit meeting on financial aid for Russia prior to the 1993 Tokyo World Economic Summit as a way to show more support for Yeltsin. Kohl and Mitterrand discuss British and Japanese objections to this idea.
March 15, 1993	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Telephone Conversation with French President Mitterrand on Monday, 15 March 1993 Kohl and Mitterrand review the latter's meeting with Milosevic in Paris and the lack of results in the French dialogue with the Serbian leadership.
March 11, 1993	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Telephone Conversation with French President Mitterrand on 10 March 1993, 19.00-19.15 hours Mitterrand reports on his first meeting with Clinton in Washington and informs Kohl of his forthcoming meeting with Milosevic in Paris. Moreover, Kohl and Mitterrand discuss the current situation in Russia against the backdrop of the country's constitutional crisis.
December 21, 1992	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with French President Mitterrand on the Periphery of the European Council in Edinburgh on Saturday, 12 December 1992 Mitterrand complains what he sees as an "Anglo-Saxonian" offensive against the European currency system arguing that the United States were beginning to fear Europe's economic strength. Kohl does not share this view and argues for caution.
October 15, 1992	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with Leading American Representatives from Business and Science on 10 October 1992, 17:00-19:30 Hours Kohl and his American interlocutors discuss Germany's new international role after unification and particularly Germany's ties to the countries in Central and Eastern Europe. Kohl comes out against American request for German "leadership." He does not want to use the term albeit he acknowledges Germany's responsibility to assume leadership on a multitude of issues.
July 13, 1992	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with French President Mitterrand on 7 July 1992 in Munich Kohl and Mitterrand look into issues of nuclear power plant safety in the former Soviet Union as a key theme on the agenda of the World Economis Summit in Munich. Both complain about American and Japanese reluctance to agree on the establishment of a joint G-7 fund in this field.