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Aerial view of National Mall

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Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

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Soviet Union

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Photograph of Helmut Kohl, 1982.

Kohl, Helmut

1930- 2017

Helmut Kohl addresses the United Nations, June 1997.

Helmut Kohl Transcripts

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931- 2022

Official portrait for President George H.W. Bush, 1989.

Bush, George H.W.

1924- 2018

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Gulf War, 1990-1991

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Middle East

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Kofi Annan and Saddam Hussein

Hussein, Saddam

1937- 2006

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Hartmann, Peter

1935-

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Western Europe

France

François Mitterrand in 1983

Mitterrand, François

1916- 1996

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Western Europe

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Photograph of Gorbachev-Bush summit at Malta, 1989

End of the Cold War

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Austria and German Unification

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September 6, 1991	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Conversation with Soviet President Mikhail S. Gorbachev, Thursday, 5 September 1991, 13:15 until 13:30 hours Kohl and Gorbachev scrutinize the situation in the Soviet Union after the coup. They agree on the urgent need for more for financial help.
August 19, 1991	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Telephone Conversation with President George Bush, Monday, 19 August 1991, 13:40 until 13:50 hours Kohl and Bush assess the situation in the Soviet Union after the coup. They reiterate their continued support for Gorbachev and his reform policy.
July 25, 1991	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Telephone Conversation with President Gorbachev on 24 July, 15:00 Hours Kohl and Gorbachev engage in an assessment of the World Economic Summit in London.
July 24, 1991	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with American President Bush During Breakfast on Monday, 15 July 1991, in London Kohl and Bush debate NATO's reform, NATO's forthcoming summit and France's international role as well as economic assistance for the Soviet Union and the relevance of the London World Economic Summit.
July 8, 1991	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with Soviet President Gorbachev on Friday, 5 July 1991, in Meseroye near Kiev Kohl and Gorbachev confer on the state of reforms in the Soviet Union, Western financial assistance and preparations for Gorbachev's participation in the World Economic Summit in London later in July. In addition, they discuss European security, EC enlargement and the potential enlargement of NATO.
June 13, 1991	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney, Bonn, 13 June 1991, 11:45 am to 12:45 pm Kohl and Mulroney look back into Canada's role as a supporter of German unification. Mulroney highlights the relevance of his personal diplomacy in this endeavor. In addition, they discuss financial aid for the Soviet Union and preparations for the London World Economic Summit.
April 26, 1991	The Chancellor’s [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with French President Mitterrand on Wednesday, 24 April 1991, in Paris Kohl and Mitterrand comment on the situation in the Middle East, the Palestinian question and the idea of convening an international conference on the region.
March 18, 1991	The Chancellor’s [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with Israel‘s Foreign Minister Levy on Thursday, 14 March 1991, 13.15 until 14.15 hours Kohl and Levy discuss the situation in Iraq, the Palestine question and Israel's request for financial assistance from the Federal Republic of Germany.
March 12, 1991	The Chancellor’s [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with British Prime Minister Major (in the context of German-British consultations) on Monday, 11 March 1991, at the Chancellor’s Office Kohl and Major review ideas about the establishment of a European pillar in NATO and French plans for new security structures in Europe.
March 5, 1991	The Chancellor’s [Helmut Kohl's] Telephone Conversation with Iran’s President Rafsanjani on Tuesday, 5 March 1991 Kohl and Rafsandjani talk about plans for the emergence of a new security system in the Middle East after the end of the Gulf War. They emphasize the importance of maintaining Iraq's territorial integrity.