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Western Europe

Germany

Photograph of the Hands of Victory Monument in Baghdad.

Middle East

Iraq

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Helmut Kohl addresses the United Nations, June 1997.

Helmut Kohl Transcripts

Photograph of Helmut Kohl, 1982.

Kohl, Helmut

1930- 2017

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Gulf War, 1990-1991

Official portrait for President George H.W. Bush, 1989.

Bush, George H.W.

1924- 2018

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931- 2022

Kofi Annan and Saddam Hussein

Hussein, Saddam

1937- 2006

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Photograph of Azadi Tower

Middle East

Iran

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Hartmann, Peter

1935-

Photograph of the city of Kuwait.

Middle East

Kuwait

François Mitterrand in 1983

Mitterrand, François

1916- 1996

Photograph of Gorbachev-Bush summit at Malta, 1989

End of the Cold War

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October 8, 1992	State Minister Schmidbauer's Meeting with Iran’s Vice Foreign Minister Abbas Maleki on 8 October 1992 at the Chancellor’s Office Schmidbauer and Maleki review chances for the expansion of cooperation between Germany, Iran and the Islamic states of the former Soviet Union. Moreover, they debate the Hezbollah's involvement in the recent assassination of four Kurdish policymakers in Berlin.
June 3, 1991	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with President Mitterrand on Thursday, 30 May 1991, in Lille (working breakfast) Kohl and Mitterrand confer on NATO, European security and the idea of establishing a common security and defense policy under the roof of the European Community.
March 20, 1991	The Chancellor’s [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with the American Jewish Committee on 19 March 1991 Kohl and the American Jewish Committee review the international position of unified Germany in Europe and in NATO in particular. Kohl rejects the term "leadership role" for Germany.
March 5, 1991	The Chancellor’s [Helmut Kohl's] Telephone Conversation with Iran’s President Rafsanjani on Tuesday, 5 March 1991 Kohl and Rafsandjani talk about plans for the emergence of a new security system in the Middle East after the end of the Gulf War. They emphasize the importance of maintaining Iraq's territorial integrity.
February 25, 1991	The Chancellor’s [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with Iran’s Foreign Minister Velayati on Monday, 18 February 1991, 16.00 - 17.00 hours Kohl and Velayati debate the future of security and defense issues in the Middle East after the end of the Gulf War. They exchange thoughts on the emergence of a new security order and the participation of the EC, the Soviet Union and the United States.
February 20, 1991	The Chancellor’s [Helmut Kohl's] Telephone Conversation with U.S. President Bush on 18 February 1991 Kohl and Bush discuss the Gulf War. Kohl reports on his meeting with Iran's Foreign Minister Velayati and his recent telephone conversation with Gorbachev.
February 20, 1991	The Chancellor’s [Helmut Kohl's] Conversation with President Mitterrand at the Elysée on 15 February 1991 Kohl and Mitterrand examine the Soviet position in the Gulf War and the situation in the Baltics.
January 31, 1991	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Telephone Conversation with the American President George Bush on 28 January 1991 Kohl and Bush review the situation in the Gulf and discuss Germany's financial contribution to the costs of the war. In terms of numbers, Bush has in mind one billion dollar as a contribution to the previous costs for the "desert shield" campaign and another five billion dollars to help cover the first three months of the war.
January 18, 1991	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with Soviet Ambassador Terechov on 17 January 1991 On behalf of Gorbachev, Ambassador Terechov complains that the Soviet government was only informed about the start of U.S. military operations in the Persian Gulf an hour in advance.
December 27, 1990	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Conversation with the Turkish President Özal on Friday, 21 December 1990 Kohl and Özal debate the Gulf crisis and Turkey's request for the deployment of the air component of NATO's Allied Command Europe Mobile Force. In addition, they discuss the resignation of Soviet Foreign Minister Shevardnadze.