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Southeast Asia

Laos

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

John F. Kennedy with Prime Minister of Laos, Prince Souvanna Phouma

Laos Crisis, 1960-1963

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

The Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum in Hanoi, Vietnam, 2012.

Southeast Asia

Vietnam

Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

Zhou, Enlai

1898- 1976

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Nikita Khrushchev at the UNGA, 1962.

Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich

1894- 1971

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Southeast Asia

Cambodia

Conversations with Zhou Enlai

PRC Vice Premier Chen Yi

Chen, Yi

1901- 1972

Photograph of Prince Nordom Sihanouk

Norodom Sihanouk, Prince

1922- 2012

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Souvanna Phouma, Prince of Laos

1901- 1984

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Choi, Duk Shin (Choe Deok-sin)

1914- 1989

Nikita Khrushchev Collection

Sino-Soviet Relations

China-Southeast Asia Relations

South Korean Diplomacy in Asia, 1955-1957

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July 26, 1961	Record of a Conversation Between N. S. Khrushchev with J. McCloy, Special Assistant to the President of the US Khrushchev and McCloy discuss the German peace treaty, with Khrushchev praising Eisenhower’s disarmament efforts and reaffirming the USSR’s intent to sign the treaty regardless of US opposition. They exchange views on nuclear testing, disarmament, and verification mechanisms, with both sides recognizing the challenges of inspections and trust. The conversation ends with agreement to continue talks the following day to further explore disarmament and German settlement issues.
July 22, 1961	Reception by Cde. N.S. Khrushchev of the Chairman of the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces and Prime Minister of Sudan Ibrahim Abboud Khrushchev discusses the Soviet Union's new economic program and revolutionary history with Sudanese Prime Minister Ibrahim Abboud, emphasizing the USSR's achievements and its commitment to peaceful, cooperative relations with Sudan. He critiques Western imperialism and urges Sudan to allow Soviet aid flights to the Congo, arguing that supporting anti-colonial movements is a moral duty. The conversation also touches on Sudan's domestic policies, its cautious approach to socialism, and opportunities for expanded economic and technical cooperation between the two countries.
June 9, 1961	Record of Conversation between N.S. Khrushchev and the President of Indonesia Sukarno Khrushchev informs Sukarno of US intelligence involvement with Indonesian rebels and warns him to remain vigilant, noting similar US activities in other countries. Sukarno acknowledges the threat posed by US intelligence, updates Khrushchev on the internal situation with the rebels, and discusses concerns over figures within his government. At Sukarno's request, Khrushchev also provides an overview of his recent meeting with President Kennedy in Vienna, including discussions on Laos, Berlin, and disarmament.
September 12, 1964	Record of a Conversation between Chairman of the USSR Council of Ministers N.S. Khrushchev and President of India S. Radhakrishnan Khrushchev and Indian President Radhakrishnan discuss regional tensions, including cooperation with Nepal, the situation in Kashmir, and the spread of socialism in Southeast Asia. Radhakrishnan expresses concern over Chinese aggression and reaffirms India’s commitment to peaceful solutions. Khrushchev downplays China's influence, criticizing Mao Zedong’s leadership and emphasizing the unreliability of Chinese policy. Both leaders affirm the importance of continued Soviet-Indian cooperation amid regional challenges.
August 7, 1962	Record of a Conversation between Cde. N.S. Khrushchev and Mohammed Zahir Shah, King of Afghanistan Khrushchev and Brezhnev visited King Zahir Shah of Afghanistan, who was vacationing on the Black Sea. Khrushchev provided an overview of key international issues, focusing on tensions in Berlin and Taiwan, and highlighted Soviet economic growth. The King expressed gratitude for Soviet economic and military assistance and praised the work of Soviet specialists in Afghanistan. He discussed the ongoing conflict with Pakistan, emphasizing Afghanistan's neutral foreign policy and the mediation efforts of the Shah of Iran, which he viewed as ineffective. The conversation also touched on broader regional dynamics, including proposals for a bloc of Muslim countries, which both leaders considered unrealistic.
July 5, 1961	Record of a Conversation between N. S. Khrushchev and Chen Yi, Deputy Premier of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China Chen asks Khrushchev to go over the pressing international issues and he presents the USSR's stances on the situation in Laos, South Korea, and Cuba. Khrushchev also raises problems in GDR and difficulties in negotiations with Western powers with regards to the German question. Khrushchev also mentions Soviet plans to launch a spaceship and resume nuclear testing. The two leaders also discuss the challenges of agricultural development.
September 4, 1964	Conversation from [Mao Zedong's] Reception of the Head, Deputy Head, and Key Members of the Cultural Group of the Laotian Patriotic Front Mao urges members of the Laotian Patriotic Front art troupe to unite with ordinary Laotians and learn from China's mistakes so that they can guard themselves against Soviet revisionism.
July 11, 1961	Record of a Conversation of Cde. N.S. Khrushchev, with the Ambassador of India, S. Dutt The conversation between Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev and Indian Ambassador S. Dutt centers on bilateral relations, disarmament, and global political tensions, particularly concerning Berlin, nuclear disarmament, and US foreign policy. Khrushchev emphasizes Soviet strength in missile technology and space exploration, expressing criticism of Western powers, especially the United States, for their imperialist policies and reluctance to engage in meaningful disarmament. The discussion also highlights Khrushchev's respect for Prime Minister Nehru and India's neutral but supportive stance, with plans for Nehru to visit the Soviet Union. The conversation concludes with mutual affirmations of goodwill and shared interests in promoting global peace and cooperation. This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.
August 28, 1962	Record of Premier Zhou’s Talk with Prime Minister Pham Van Dong Zhou Enlai and Pham Van Dong discuss North Vietnam's support for revolutions in South Vietnam, Thailand, and Laos.
January 5, 1961	Record of Conversation between Premier Zhou Enlai and General Ne Win Zhou and Ne Win discuss developments in Laos and Thailand.