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Eastern Europe

Czechoslovakia

Cuba's National Capitol Building, January 2010.

Central America and Caribbean

Cuba

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Executive Committee of the National Security Committee during the Cuban Missile Crisis.

Cuban Missile Crisis

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Pavlíček, Vladimir

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Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Cuban Foreign Relations

Pyongyang photographed in March 20212

East Asia

North Korea

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Czechoslovakia. Communist Party (CPCz)

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Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Sino-Soviet Relations

Fidel Castro, 1959.

Castro, Fidel

1926- 2016

The Six-Day War (1967)

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

Afghan resistance fighters return to a village destroyed by Soviet forces

Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan

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Moskovsky, V. P. (Vasily)

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Czechoslovakia. Embassy (Cuba)

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Novotny, Antonin

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January 28, 1972	Czechoslovak Embassy in Havana to Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 6th Territorial Department, 'Cuba-Latin America-USA Relations in the Second Half of 1971' The document discusses Cuba's evolving foreign relations in the second half of 1971, emphasizing its efforts to normalize ties with Latin American countries and reduce its isolation. Key achievements include strengthened relations with Chile and Peru, entry into the "Group of 77," and growing interest among Latin American states in reestablishing connections with Cuba, despite U.S. opposition. Fidel Castro's high-profile visit to Chile and growing support for Cuba within the region are contrasted with the stagnation of US-Cuban relations, where Cuba remains a contentious issue in American politics. This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.
November 17, 1964	Echo of Recent International Events in Cuba This document provides an in-depth analysis of Cuba's reactions to various international developments during late 1964. Cuban leaders were pleased with the radical anti-imperialist tone and diplomatic successes of the Cairo Conference of Non-Aligned Countries. Fidel Castro welcomed French President de Gaulle's anti-American stance during his Latin America trip, linking it to tensions in pro-American governments. The British Labour Party's election victory was viewed positively, fostering hopes for policies aligned with Cuba's interests. Domestically, Nikita Khrushchev's ousting in the USSR created distrust and concerns about the continuity of Soviet support. Lastly, Cuba cautiously celebrated China's first nuclear test, seeing it as a potential shift in global power dynamics favoring socialism. This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.
April 1961	Information of the Soviet Ambassador in Cuba on 18 April Czechoslovak diplomats in Havana inform Prague of the Soviet envoy’s admission that the threat of US-sponsored counter-revolution left Castro with no other choice but to turn to Marx and Lenin and to rely on the help of the Soviet Union and the other socialist countries
1961	Document from the Soviet Embassy in Cuba Requesting Soviet Support Against 'Counter-revolutionary Gangs' In a 1961 top secret report, the Soviet embassy painted a very dire situation on the island with US-backed counter-revolutionary forces gaining momentum
September 16, 1960	Information Report of the Delegation of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Czech Republic from VIII. Congress of the People's Socialist Party of Cuba Prague dispatched delegates to the Eighth Congress of the PSP in August 1960. Speaking at the gathering, the Cuban communist leader, Blas Roca Calderio, effectively offered his stamp of approval to Castro before the Czechoslovakian guests, recognizing him as a “new phenomenon in Latin America’s history.” In their comments, the Czechoslovaks demonstrated their satisfaction with the deepening influence of the Cuban communists within the country’s socio-political transformations, which held the serious potential to increase the significance of the Cuban revolution in the eyes of the Soviet Union and the other Socialist states.
March 10, 1959	Record about an Interview with Comrade Severo Aguirre, a Member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the People’s Socialist Party of Cuba After talking with the member of the PSP's Central Committee, Severo Aguirre, Prague’s Communist Party leaders saw a glimmer of hope for the further radicalization of the revolution: the fact that the “bourgeois” leaders of the revolutionary army, the Castro brothers, and Ernesto “Che” Guevara, relied on the people’s army, on which the communists had significant influence.
December 1958	Untitled Note on a Request for Assistance from the Socialist Party of Cuba to the Central Committee of the CPSU The Cuban communists asked the Soviets for help exposing the government's “terror” and the interference of “American imperialism” in Cuba’s affairs. The CPSU’s Central Committee agreed to support the fight of the Cuban people in the press, radio, and public organizations in the closing months of 1958.
June 1972	Explanatory Report on the Visit of the Chairman of the Cuban Revolutionary Government and First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba, Comrade Fidel Castro, and His Entourage to Czechoslovakia Castro and Husák discuss recent developments in Cuba and Czechoslovakia. Castro recounts the history of the Cuban revolution, while Husák explains the crisis of 1968-1969 in Czechoslovakia.
November 30, 1967	Guidelines for the Czechoslovak Delegation attending the Eighteen Nation Committee on Disarmament in 1967 The final instructions for the Czechoslovak delegation en route to Geneva for the ENDC in November 1967. The treaty was mostly finished by this time; only the final details remained. Denunciation of US foreign policy and prevention of West Germany’s nuclear weapon acquisition reappear in these instructions.
August 2, 1963	Antonín Gregor, 'Explanatory Memorandum [on the Limited Test Ban Treaty]' A report produced by the Czechoslovak foreign ministry in August 1963 recommending the ratification of Limited Test Ban Treaty (LTBT). One of the key goals of early Czechoslovak engagement in the ENDC was to reject a nuclear test ban, based on their rejection of any verification measures. However, once the Soviets agreed to the LTBT with the US and the United Kingdom, the Czechoslovak foreign ministry praised the agreement and attacked those (such as China) who resisted the measure. One interesting aspect of the treaty was the proposed role of depositary powers. The document indicates that the Soviets were interested in being a depositary power to the LTBT in order to prevent ratification by governments not recognized by the USSR, most notably West Germany and the Republic of China. The issue of depositary powers reappeared later on, in the NPT as well.