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Photograph of the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem.

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Ceausescu's Diplomacy in the Middle East

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Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)

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Romania. Ministry of Internal Affairs

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Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931- 2022

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Assad, Hafez

1930- 2000

Erich Honecker, 1976.

Honecker, Erich Ernst Paul

1912- 1994

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ACRS Oral History Project

Soviet Foreign Policy

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March 1, 1978	Agreement between the Socialist Unity Party of Germany and the Palestine Liberation Organization for the Years 1978/1979 The agreement contains the basic elements of SED-PLO relations for 1978/1979, such as the exchange of delegations to consider bilateral relations and the fight against Zionism and imperialism, material support for civil and military purposes, and the exchange of leading personnel of different mass organizations.
1980	Survey of GDR Material Support for the PLO between 1974 and 1980 List of GDR material support for the PLO between 1974 and 1980. The form, quantity and value of the support are listed in detail for each year.
October 27, 1983	GDR Ministry for State Security, 'Information about The Escalation of Conflicts within the PLO' The report evaluates the internal situation of the PLO, which lost its bases in southern Lebanon and is exposed to increased pressure by Arab governments. The report describes the conflict between Arafat and the Syrian branch of the PLO and notes the increase in Syrian influence following a violent incident in Tripoli, in which Arafat and the Muslim Brothers were supposedly involved. Regardless of Syria's strength, the report states that Arafat has shown no inclination to work with the Syrian government. It concludes that a split seems likely, especially since Arafat has oriented himself towards the reactionary Arab forces.
December 15, 1988	Memorandum of a Conversation between Erich Honecker and Yasser Arafat in Berlin The conversation focuses on the PLO's recent attempts to reach an agreement concerning the conflict in the Middle East. Arafat informs Honecker about his efforts to gain support for his initiative from the US and other countries.
March 9, 1982	Stenographic Transcript of the Official Talks between Erich Honecker and Yasser Arafat in the House of the Central Committee of the SED in Berlin The conversation is mainly concerned with the situation in the Middle East, but there are also some remarks about Poland, Afghanistan, and French-Israeli relations. Honecker emphasizes that only the creation of a sovereign Palestinian state can solve the Middle East conflict. He underlines the continuing support of the GDR for the PLO, for example, through military aid and the opening of an official PLO embassy in Berlin. Arafat points to the West German support for Israel and asks for further military aid.
May 13, 1982	Note about a Talk at the Occasion of the Inaugural Visit by the Ambassador of the PLO Dr. Isam Kamel Salem, with the Head of the Department Near and Middle East of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Comrade Wolfgang Schüßler, on 11 May 1982 The conversation deals with permanent PLO representation in the GDR. The PLO has had official representation since 1978, with the opening of a PLO embassy in Berlin. The PLO ambassador points out that this status necessarily leads to more expenses. He applies for more GDR funding.
June 25, 1982	Message of L.I. Brezhnev to Syrian President Hafez Assad Brezhnev appeals to Assad to continue his support for the PLO. He blames the passivity of the other Arab states for the critical military situation in Lebanon.
October 18, 1982	State Visit by the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the SED and Chairman of the State Council of the GDR, Erich Honecker, to Kuwait from 16 to 18 October 1982 A summary of meetings held between Erich Honecker and other GDR officials with the Emir of Kuwait.
July 12, 1983	Summary of a Meeting of Comrade Hermann Axen with the Representative of the PLO, Salah Khalaf (Abu Iyad), on 12 July 1983 Abu Iyad provides information on recent developments in the Middle East and within the PLO. He reports about Fatah splinter groups which are supported by the SAR and the evolving conflict between the Syrian Arab Republic and the PLO. He inserts a brief analysis of the development of Syria since 1976 and the influence of the USA and Israel. Axen gives his assessment of the situation and the conflict and points out the negative effects of the conflicts within the Fatah and between the PLO and Syria. He emphasizes the Syrian role in the alliance against imperialism and advises the PLO to again ameliorate the relations between the PLO and Syria.
April 22, 1980	Minutes of Conversation between Todor Zhivkov and Yasser Arafat, Damascus The two leaders discuss the situation in the Middle East, and the role of the superpowers - the US and the Soviet Union.