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Photograph of Gorbachev-Bush summit at Malta, 1989

End of the Cold War

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Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931- 2022

The Palace of the Republic (Palast der Republik) in Berlin

Eastern Europe

East Germany

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Eastern Europe

Poland

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Eastern Europe

Romania

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Eastern Europe

Bulgaria

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Photograph of Helmut Kohl, 1982.

Kohl, Helmut

1930- 2017

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Chernyaev, A. S.

-

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Walesa, Lech

1943-

Nicolae Ceausescu, 1974

Ceaușescu, Nicolae

1918- 1989

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Caranfil, Gheorghe

-

Helmut Kohl addresses the United Nations, June 1997.

Helmut Kohl Transcripts

German Reunification

George H.W. Bush and Lech Walesa

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe

Berlin Wall between Mitte and Kreuzberg

Berlin Wall

Intelligence Operations in the Cold War

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March 27, 1990	National Intelligence Daily for Tuesday, 27 March 1990 The CIA’s National Intelligence Daily for 27 March 1990 describes the latest developments in the Soviet Union, Colombia, Kuwait, OPEC, Afghanistan, Cuba, Guatemala and El Salvador.
December 5, 1989	National Intelligence Daily for Tuesday, 5 December 1989 The CIA’s National Intelligence Daily for 5 December 1989 describes the latest developments in Philippines, East Germany, the Soviet Union, South Korea, Cambodia, Chile, Warsaw Pact, European Community, Czechoslovakia and Eastern Europe.
February 2, 1990	National Intelligence Daily for Friday, 2 February 1990 The CIA’s National Intelligence Daily for 2 February 1990 describes the latest developments in German unification, Bulgaria, Costa Rica, Arab States, Vietnam, and the Soviet Union.
December 29, 1989	National Intelligence Daily for Friday, 29 December 1989 The CIA’s National Intelligence Daily for 29 December 1989 describes the latest developments in Panama, Romania, the Soviet Union, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Brazil, Lebanon, Chile, and Poland.
September 8, 1989	Ambassadors’ Conference at the Austrian Foreign Ministry, Vienna Summary of discussion between Austrian Foreign Minister Erich Maximilian Schmid and ambassadors from Belgium, Finland, Yugoslavia, Luxembourg, and Sweden about the state of Eastern Europe, the decline of the arms race, and Western reactions to German Reunification.
December 13, 1988	Telegram by Ambassador Vanni D'Archirafi to Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 'NATO Ministerial meeting in the light of Gorbachev's announcement to the United Nations - West Germany's assessments' The telegram decribes West Germany's reactions on Gorbachev's December 7, 1988 address at the UN where he announces drastic changes in Soviet foreign and security policy.
May 11, 1989	CPSU Politburo Discussion of the Memorandum of Six Politburo members on the Situation in the Baltic Republics Discussion of separatist and nationalist sentiment in Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia.
April 6, 1989	Record of Negotiations between M.S. Gorbachev and Prime Minister of Great Britain Margaret Thatcher, London Negotiations between Gorbachev and Thatcher on U.S. and British concerns, as well as Britain's cautious optimism, about the Soviet Union's perestroika and glasnost policies.
April 1989	Central Intelligence Agency, 'Rising Political Instability Under Gorbachev: Understanding the Problem and Prospects for Resolution: An Intelligence Assessment' An analysis of the mounting dysfunction and political instability within the Soviet Union.
February 1989	Cable from the US Embassy in Moscow to Secretary of State for General Scowcroft, 'The Soviet Union Over the Next Four Years' Predictions about the next four years in the Soviet Union's evolving political and cultural landscape, including that internal protests against perestroika will dominate the focus of Soviet leadership, that perestroika and its attendant backlash will in turn redistribute funds away from military spending, and that ultimately, these and other conflicts and pressures will promulgate the collapse of the Soviet Union.