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Jan Nowak-Jeziorański broadcasting for Radio Free Europe, 3 May 1952

Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

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Eastern Europe

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Eastern Europe

Poland

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Eastern Europe

Hungary

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American Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia (AMCOMLIB)

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Sargeant, Howland H.

1911- 1984

Aerial photograph of CIA headquarters

United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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Eastern Europe

Czechoslovakia

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Meyer, Cord

1920- 2001

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Dulles, Allen

1893- 1969

A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin, Joseph

1879- 1953

East German Uprising

Mass Media and Censorship

Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia

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Prague Spring, 1968

A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin and the Cold War

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Documents

November 26, 1976	Letter, Iraj Iskenderi to L.I. Brezhnev via the General Consul in Leipzig Translation of a request from Iraj Iskenderi of the People's Party of Iran to General Secretary Brezhnev. Bulgaria had alerted Iskenderi that they must stop their radio broadcast; Iskenderi turned to Brezhnev to help resolve the issue.
December 6, 1976	Deputy Director of the International Department of the CPSU Central Committee V. Bagladin, 'Request from the Leadership of the People's Party of Iran' Memorandum on the cooperation between the People's Party of Iran and the Bulgarian Communist Party to broadcast illegal radio transmissions into Iran.
December 7, 1976	Resolution of the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, 'Request from the Leadership of People's Party of Iran' Resolution of the TsK KPSS Secretariat re a request from the People's Party of Iran that the central committee, either of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany, the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party, or the Romanian Communist Party, provide illegal radio broadcasting to Iran for three hours a day.
December 21, 1955	Report by Overton on his visit to Radio Free Europe in Munich Report by Foreign Office (IRD) official H.T.A. Overton on his visit to RFE between November 24 and November 27, 1955. The report is focused on RFE’s news and information operation and the balloon-leaflet operation. Overton viewed as RFE liabilities the extent of autonomy granted to its exile broadcasters, its non-official status, and its location in Bavaria. He notes an effort by Political Advisor William Griffith to encourage the national broadcast services to include more coverage of the Western world and to eliminate “the highly argumentative … script with no real substance to it.” Attached is an RFE summary of its Evaluation and Research Section and an RFE organizational chart.
September 15, 1955	Visit to Radio Free Europe by NATO Officers Record of an informational visit to RFE by NATO military officers in the midst of a conference on psychological warfare. Attached are detailed descriptions of its operations that RFE provided to the officers.
June 24, 1955	Report by Sir Bruce Robert Lockhart on Radio Free Europe Sir Robert Bruce Lockhart reports to the Foreign Office on his second visit to RFE (again accompanied by BBC Central European chief Gregory Macdonald) between July 5 and July 8, 1955. Lockhart positively evaluated broadcasts as more responsible than in 1952 and gave high marks to the content of the leaflets dispatched to Czechoslovakia by balloon and mail. He found staff unsettled by RFE’s change of status following the restoration of German sovereignty, did not think RFE could long survive in Munich, and would advise it to relocate of its own volition before it was forced out of Germany
May 25, 1955	Equipment for Radio Free Europe Studio in London The Foreign Office writes to the Treasury to ask it to reverse its denial to RFE of customs duties exemption for import of technical equipment for a new London bureau. RFE “deserves the full support of her Majesty’s Government,” wrote the Foreign Office, adding that a London bureau will enable better cooperation between the U.K. and RFE and facilitate its interviewing of East European refugees. The Foreign Office notes that RFE is not a commercial organization and “is in fact supported by US Government money contributed covertly.. For political and other reasons the US Government are unable to admit this ….”
February 17, 1952	Report by Sir Robert Bruce Lockhart on his visit to Radio Free Europe, Munich Sir Robert Bruce Lockhart - head of the World War II Political Warfare Executive who later had a highly popular BBC weekly program in Czech - visited RFE with BBC Central European chief Gregory Macdonald between January 29 and February 1, 1952. Reviewing personalities, attitudes, and operations in Munich, Lockhart concluded that RFE had made progress in its first year, that its broadcasters were happy to be separated geographically from émigré politicians in the US, but that RFE faced the challenge of keeping the spark of hope alive in Eastern Europe without instigating revolt. It also faced the challenge of emerging German sovereignty, which Lockhart thought would force RFE to relocate to another country. Accompanying Foreign Office memoranda generally endorsed Lockhart conclusions. Information Research Department official F.C. Stacey cautioned that “the need for sensational stories of RFE activities” for the domestic US audience might result in irresponsible RFE broadcasts.
July 16, 1951	Report on Radio Free Europe Observations of BBC managers two months after the start of RFE broadcasting from Munich on May 1, 1951. It includes their analysis of the Czechoslovak Service broadcasts on May 26th, 1951, and of the network of field bureaus to gather information from refugees. They lauded the enthusiasm of RFE broadcasters but criticized their programs for mixing opinion with fact in newscast.
February 1956	Report on Visit to Radio Free Europe, Munich Analysis of RFE news operations by BBC Central European Service director Gregory Macdonald, who visited Munich from January 8 to January 23, 1956, at RFE’s request. Accompanied by notes from the British Foreign Office and its Information Research Department. Macdonald had been asked by RFE officials to assess the objectivity and organization of the newscasts.