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Southern Africa

South Africa

South African Nuclear History

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North America

United States

Nuclear Proliferation

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Middle East

Israel

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

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Western Europe

Great Britain

The Taj Mahal Shrine in Agra, India.

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India

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Vorster, B. J. (Balthazar Johannes)

1915- 1983

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Mallaby, C. L. G.

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Brazilian Nuclear History

Official portrait for President Jimmy Carter, 1978.

Carter, Jimmy

1924-

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United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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De Klerk, F. W. (Frederik Willem)

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Sole, Donald Bell

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Pakistani Nuclear History

Origins of Brazil-Argentina Nuclear Cooperation

George H.W. Bush and Lech Walesa

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe

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September 29, 1977	Telegram from the UK Embassy in Vienna to the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, on South African Statement to the IAEA General Conference The UK Embassy in Vienna reports on the South African statement to the International Atomic Energy Agency General Conference denying Soviet accusations that the country was developing nuclear weapons.
September 29, 1977	One Hundred and Ninety-Eighth Plenary Meeting of the Twenty First International Atomic Energy Agency General Conference in Vienna (Statement by South African Rep. to the IAEA von Schirnding) Record of the 198th Plenary Meeting of the 21st International Atomic Energy Agency General Conference held in Vienna, including a statement by South African Representative to the IAEA, von Schirnding. Von Schirnding discusses the Agency's achievements and failutres over its twenty years of existence. He also discusses South Africa's own nuclear energy program, stating that the country does not intend to develop nuclear weapons.
September 22, 1977	Letter from H.M.S. Reid to Mr. Mallaby, 'South African Nuclear Intentions: the Kalahari Facility' In response to Mallaby's letter, Reid dismisses the American explanation for the South African Kalahari nuclear testing facility. He believes that the South Africans "feel increasingly threatened and foresee a possible need to use nuclear weapons in their own defence if it should come to that."
September 1977	Draft Letter to B. Cardledge on Conversation with US Deputy Undersecretary of State Joseph Nye on South African Nuclear Intentions Nye stated that at present the United States preferred to "concentrate on pressing South Africa to adhere to the NPT rather than continuing to enquire about the nature of the Kalahari facility." The State Department assessment was that while South Africa was capable of building a bomb at short notice, they did not actually plan to test one at this time.
September 21, 1977	Letter from C.L.G. Mallaby of the UK Arms Control and Disarmament Department to H.M.S. Reid, 'South African Nuclear Intentions: the Kalahari Facility' Mallaby reports on a conversation at the Nuclear Suppliers Meeting with the US Deputy Under-Secretary for Security Assistance, Nye, on whether the US would raise the issue of South Africa's Kalahari nuclear testing facility. The US assumption was that the South Africans intended to "be on the brink of having a nuclear weapons capability" in order to "moderate Western diplomatic pressure on her about racial and other issues."
September 13, 1977	Memorandum from C.L.G. Mallaby of the UK Arms Control and Disarmament Department, 'South Africa and the Non-Proliferation Treat' Mallaby outlines the UK position on South African accession to the Non-Proliferation Treaty.
August 24, 1977	Extract from Speech by the South African Prime Minister at Congress of the National Party of Cape Province Extract from a speech during which South African Prime Minister Vorster discusses Soviet allegations that South Africa has developed a nuclear bomb.
August 22, 1977	World Conference for Action Against Apartheid, Lagos, 22-26 August 1977, Supplement to Brief No. A7 (Nuclear Questions): Soviet Allegations About South African Nuclear Weapons Development Memorandum on UK position at Lagos Conference on Apartheid about Soviet allegations of South African nuclear weapons development.
September 8, 1977	Letter from J.S. Wall to Bryan Cartledge, 'South African Nuclear Intentions' J.S. Wall of the UK Foreign and Commonweath Office reports on a conversation with David Aaron of the US National Security Council on concerns about South Africa's possible nuclear testing facility in the Kalahari desert.
August 23, 1977	Telegram from South African Embassy in the US on President Carter’s Press Conference on the Kalahari Nuclear Test Site The South African Embassy in the US reports to the South African Foreign Ministry on President Carter’s press conference on the kalahari nuclear test site and related US media coverage. Carter called on the South African government to place their nuclear programs under international safeguards and monitoring and cease attempts to develop and explosive device.