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East Asia

Mongolia

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Sino-Soviet Relations

Pyongyang photographed in March 20212

East Asia

North Korea

The Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum in Hanoi, Vietnam, 2012.

Southeast Asia

Vietnam

Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

Zhou, Enlai

1898- 1976

A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin, Joseph

1879- 1953

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

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Tsedenbal, Yumjaagiyn

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Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin and the Cold War

Portrait of T.V. Soong, 1945

Soong, T. V. (Tzu-wen)

1894- 1971

China and the Soviet Union in Xinjiang, 1934-1949

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China and the End of World War II

Portrait of Mao Zedong from propaganda poster

Mao, Zedong

1893- 1976

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Molotov, Vyacheslav Mikhaylovich

1890- 1986

Sino-Soviet Alliance, 1950-1959

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May 6, 1987	Czechoslovak Translation of the Soviet Report on the Tenth Round of Soviet-Chinese Consultations in Moscow This report outlines the April 1987 Sino-Soviet consultations, with an emphasis on the desire of both the Soviet and the Chinese side to improve mutual relations. However, the Chinese side accuses the Soviet Union of illegal interference in Cambodia. The Soviet Union, in turn, declines responsibility for the Cambodian situation. The participants also discuss the problem of Soviet troop deployments in Afghanistan and Mongolia, which impede Sino-Soviet cooperation.
May 15, 1985	Czechoslovak Translation of Soviet Report on the Sixth Round of Soviet-Chinese Consultations in Moscow This report on Soviet-Chinese consultations in Moscow includes Soviet proposals to improve the relationship with China, including the establishment of a military expert commission on border questions. However, the Chinese delegation insists that the Soviet Union cease supporting Mongolia, Afghanistan, Vietnam, and Cambodia. The author concludes that mutual cooperation has not been substantially improved as a result of the consultations.
December 1, 1965	Mongolian Politburo Resolution and Letter to the Soviet leadership requesting Soviet troops be stationed on Mongolian soil to defend against possible attack. Mongolian Politburo Resolution and the Letter from Mongolian First Secretary Yu Tsedenbal to the Soviet leadership requesting one additional Soviet military unit to be stationed on Mongolian soil and at Soviet expense in order to reinforce the defense capabilities of the Mongolian People's Republic.
November 29, 1954	Record of Conversation with Prime Minister of the Mongolian People's Republic, Comrade Tsedenbal. (fragments) Soviet Ambassador to Mongolia, Vasily Pisarev, reports on the discussions between Mongolian leader Tsedenbal and Chinese Deputy Prime Minister Ulanfu on Sino-Mongolian Cooperation. The ambassador reports Tsedenbal's request that China send 20,000 Chinese workers to settle in Mongolia and work in Mongolian factories. (fragments)
February 24, 1956	Excerpts from Tsedenbal's diary on his conversation with Soviet leader Anastas Mikoyan on Soviet Economic Cooperation and Aid to the People's Republic of Mongolia (Fragments) Tsedenbal's diary entry on his conversation with Anastas Mikoyan regarding Soviet economic aid and cooperation with the Mongolian People's Republic. Tsedenbal asks Mikoyan to forgive upcoming payments due and provide additional materials and Soviet workers for construction of railroads. Mikoyan tells Tsedenbal that the Soviets will help, but that Mongolia must prepare its own workforce and not be dependent on Soviet or Chinese help. The two also discuss trade issues and Chinese designs on Mongolia.
June 14, 1979	Telegram No. 149, Embassy of Hungary in India to the Hungarian Foreign Ministry Description of a meeting between the Mongolian Ambassador and the Foreign Ministry of India. The Ministry was concerned about a trip by the Dalai Lama to Mongolia and the Soviet Union.
August 20, 1952	Minutes of Conversation between I.V. Stalin and Zhou Enlai Conversation between Stalin and Zhou Enlai concerning the extension of the Port Arthur agreement, the construction of a Sino-Mongolian railroad to the Soviet Union, and the situation in Korea. On the issue of Korea, they discussed sending arms shipments to China and Chinese arms production; the possibility of a Chinese offensive in Korea; and the return of POWs. Stalin reaffirmed his commitment to assisting China in the war in Korea.
July 11, 1968	Minutes of Conversation between Yugoslav President Josip Broz Tito and UAR President Gamal Abdel Nasser in Brijuni, Croatia Minutes of conversation between Yugoslav President Josip Broz Tito and UAR President Gamal Abdel Nasser with occasional input from advisors. Nasser describes the situation in the Middle East, including Egypt's relations with the United States and fighting along the Suez Canal. The two leaders also discuss UN Special Envoy Gunnar Jarring's recent activities. Tito closes with a recount of his visit to Japan, Mongolia, Iran, and Moscow and an update of the Yugoslav economy.
September 23, 1968	Tables on the trade of Romania for the 1966-1968 period; on trade relation agreements between Romania and socialist countries for the 1966-1970 period; and on projections for trade relations with socialist countries for the 1969-1970 period. Tables on the evolution of trade of Romania for the 1966-1968 period compared with long-term agreements; on trade relation agreements between Romania and socialist countries for the 1966-1970 period as compared with agreements for the 1961-1965 period; on projections for trade relations with socialist countries for the 1969-1970 period. The tables give the data in million rubles for Romanian trade with all socialist countries.
September 9, 1957	Memorandum of Conversation between the Government of Romania and the Delegation of Popular Republic of Mongolia, 9 September 1957 (Fragment) Fragment of the discussions between the delegation of the People's Republic of Mongolia led by Yumjaagiyn Tsedenbal and the Romanian government in Bucharest, 9 September 1957. Tsedenbal describes the formation of the history and current state of relations between the Mongolian and Soviet Communist parties, Mongolia's relationship with the People's Republic of China, as well as the status of economic reforms in Mongolia