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Eastern Europe

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Satellite image of Western Europe

Western Europe

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

The Palace of the Republic (Palast der Republik) in Berlin

Eastern Europe

East Germany

Warsaw Pact Military Planning

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Eastern Europe

Poland

Warsaw Pact

North Atlantic Council Meeting, Lisbon, June 1985

Archivio Andreotti's NATO Series

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Zhivkov, Todor

1911- 1998

Photograph of Gorbachev-Bush summit at Malta, 1989

End of the Cold War

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Gomułka, Władysław

1905- 1982

Nuclear Proliferation

Leonid Brezhnev, 1974.

Brezhnev, Leonid Il'ich

1906- 1982

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Soviet Union. Communist Party. Central Committee (CPSU CC)

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Photograph of Helmut Kohl, 1982.

Kohl, Helmut

1930- 2017

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Kádár, János

1912- 1989

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July 8, 1991	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with Soviet President Gorbachev on Friday, 5 July 1991, in Meseroye near Kiev Kohl and Gorbachev confer on the state of reforms in the Soviet Union, Western financial assistance and preparations for Gorbachev's participation in the World Economic Summit in London later in July. In addition, they discuss European security, EC enlargement and the potential enlargement of NATO.
July 1995	Memorandum for the President [William J. Clinton] from Anthony Lake, 'European Attitudes toward NATO Enlargement' Anthony Lake reviews the various policy positions of European countries toward NATO and EU enlargement. Although careful to note the different views held by states such as Germany and the UK, Lake concludes that "our European allies support NATO enlargement."
September 10, 1994	Cable, U.S. Embassy Office Berlin to the Secretary of State, 'Chancellor Kohl: NATO and EU Enlargement: The Future of Europe' Richard Holbrooke recounts a final meeting with with German Chancellor Helmut Kohl prior to leaving Germany. Kohl asked the Clinton Administration "to increase its involvement in the ongoing effort to chart the future of Europe," and called for the expansion of NATO and the EU.
July 27, 1990	National Intelligence Daily for Friday, 27 July 1990 The CIA’s National Intelligence Daily for 27 July 1990 describes the latest developments in Iraq, Kuwait, Liberia, the Soviet Union, Peru, Eastern Europe, Poland, El Salvador, Sri Lanka, Philippines and Japan.
November 25, 1989	National Intelligence Daily for Saturday, 25 November 1989 The CIA’s National Intelligence Daily for 25 Nov 1989 describes the latest developments in Czechoslovakia, Lebanon, East Germany, Western Europe, the Soviet Union, South Africa, El Salvador, Uruguay, India, and NATO-Warsaw Pact.
April 28, 1961	Memorandum by General Staff of Defense (SMD) for Minister of Defense Andreotti, 'Chief of staff's visit to the US' Report of the head of the Italian defense department’s recent trip to the United States. Of importance was the discussion of NATO’s long-term plan (ten to fifteen years), the strategic defense of the Balkans, the maintenance of the United States’ NATO forces in Europe, and the need to push development of conventional weapons to avoid having to employ nuclear weapons.
May 30, 1961	Memorandum by Chief of Defense Staff Aldo Rossi to Minister of Defense Andreotti, 'NATO new strategic approach' Rossi describes the recent trend of the US Administration to want to turn away from the doctrine of Massive Retaliation, towards the acquisition of a new strategic concept that includes an increase in the "nuclear threshold." In order for Italy to continue to lead the defense of central and southeastern Europe against the Soviet Union as well as address its internal social and political crises, the United States must provide Italy with financial assistance.
February 26, 1986	Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 'State of the Atlantic Alliance' Analysis of the state of Atlantic Alliance in the global security landscape shows political cohesion internally, and a firm position in the security sphere. NATO also appears open to dialogue with the Eastern block, but remains aware of the centrality of European security.
October 17, 1991	Telegram by Ambassador Vanni D'Archirafi, 'NATO summit in Rome - Possible "Relationship agreements" between NATO and Central-Eastern Europe countries' The document emphasizes the need for increased dialogue and cooperation with Central and Eastern European countries. It presents three alternative frameworks for cooperation.
April 1, 1989	Telegram by Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Perlot) to Permanent Representative to NATO, 'Declaration of the Atlantic Summit' The Foreign Ministry offers the Italian Permanent Representation to NATO guidelines to discussing a new Atlantic Declaration. The telegram describes the unique state of East-West relations, and calls for openness and political dynamism from the Alliance members.