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Photograph of Ziyang Zhao in 1985.

Zhao, Ziyang

1919- 2005

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Li, Peng

1928- 2019

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Deng Xiaoping, 1979.

Deng, Xiaoping

1904- 1997

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Yang, Shangkun

1907- 1998

China, 1989

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Japan. Foreign Ministry

-

Japan's Itsukushima Shrine

East Asia

Japan

Sino-Japanese Relations

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Hu, Qili

1929-

Reform and Opening in China, 1978-

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Eastern Europe

Czechoslovakia

Pyongyang photographed in March 20212

East Asia

North Korea

Gyeongbokgung

East Asia

South Korea

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Photograph of Gorbachev-Bush summit at Malta, 1989

End of the Cold War

Sino-Soviet Relations

North Korea-China friendship celebrated at the DPRK mass games

China-North Korea Relations

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Documents

June 3, 1989	China Division, Asian Affairs Bureau [Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan], 'The Situation in China (Student Demonstrations)' The document from the China Division, Asian Affairs Bureau of Japan’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs reveals Japanese Embassy personnel observations of the events that took place in Xinjuamen and Xidan on the afternoon of June 3, 1989 following the Tiananmen Square incident. It also references Premier Li Peng and Defense Minister Qin Jeiwei’s response following the events.
June 4, 1989	China Division, Asian Affairs Bureau [Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan], 'The Chinese Student Demonstrations (Part 2)' The document, written on June 4, 1989 and submitted by the China Division, Asian Affairs Bureau of Japan, lists the facts surrounding Beijing’s use of martial law authorities and military force during the Tiananmen Square incident on June 3, 1989. It details the background leading up to the imposition of the martial law, power struggles within the Chinese Communist Party, lateness in bringing the situation under control, and struggle for democratization and liberalization. It also indicates the impact of the Tiananmen Square incident and the CCP’s response as it pertains to the Party’s prestige and international image.
June 11, 1989	China Division, Asian Affairs Bureau [Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan], 'The Situation in China (Moves to Bring the Situation Under Control)' Written on June 11, 1989, by Japan’s China Division, this document summarizes the activities of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) after the Tiananmen Square incident. It evaluates the CCP’s apparent change in party leadership, problems in domestic affairs, problems in promoting reform and opening, and effect on external relations.
September 1988	Record of Meetings in Prime Minister Takeshita’s Visit to China Detailed summaries of Japanese Prime Minister Takeshita's conversations with Li Peng, Yang Shangkun, Deng Xiaoping, and Zhao Ziyang. Topics of discussion include Sino-Japanese political, economic, and cultural relations; China's economy and politics in the 1980s; the "history" problem; and the status of Taiwan. The two sides also discussed a range of international issues, including relations with the Soviet Union and the United States; developments on the Korean Peninsula; the Cambodian-Vietnamese conflict; the Iran-Iraq War; and Pakistan.
August 1988	Japan-China Summit Meeting Scenario Summary of Japanese Prime Minister Takeshita's conversation with Li Peng on Sino-Japanese political, economic, and cultural relations, the Chinese economy, and developments in the Soviet Union, Korea, and Cambodia.
June 1, 1989	Telegram No. 048 629 from the Czechoslovak Embassy, Beijing Saul reports that Zhao Ziyang has been effectively removed from office.
May 30, 1989	Telegram No. 048 517 from the Czechoslovak Embassy, Beijing Saul reports on the movements of demonstrators at Tiananmen Square as well as the latest statements by the CCP leadership.
May 29, 1989	Telegram No. 048 443 from the Czechoslovak Embassy, Beijing Ambassador Eduard Saul recommends that Czechoslovakia more actively support the Chinese Communist Party.
May 18, 1987	Herbert Weiz, 'Report about the Working Visit to the PR China from 10 to 16 May 1987' Weiz reports on his meetings with Zhao Ziyang, Li Peng, Song Jian, Jiang Zemin, and other Chinese leaders.
February 26, 1989	Memorandum of Conversation: President Bush's Meeting with General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party Zhao Ziyang of the People's Republic of China, February 26, 1989, 4:00 p.m. - 5:40 p.m. George H.W. Bush and Zhao Ziyang discuss Sino-American relations and China's reform and opening, in addition to the situations in Korea, India, Pakistan, and the Soviet Union.