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Eastern Europe

Romania

Sino-Soviet Relations

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Trade agreement between European Economic Community and China

China-Europe Relations

Zhao Ziyang on a tour of East Germany in June 1987.

China-Eastern Europe Relations

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Eastern Europe

Yugoslavia

Pyongyang photographed in March 20212

East Asia

North Korea

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Interkit, 1966-1987

Leonid Brezhnev, 1974.

Brezhnev, Leonid Il'ich

1906- 1982

Photo of Ion Gheorghe Maurer

Maurer, Ion Gheorghe

1902- 2000

Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

Zhou, Enlai

1898- 1976

Nicolae Ceausescu, 1974

Ceaușescu, Nicolae

1918- 1989

Todor Zhivkov Collection

Nikita Khrushchev at the UNGA, 1962.

Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich

1894- 1971

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Zhivkov, Todor

1911- 1998

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Documents

October 13, 1960	Cable from the Chinese Embassy in Romania, 'Principal Differences in the Communist Movement since the Bucharest Conference and a Series of New Measures regarding Romanian-Chinese Relations' The Chinese Embassy in Bucharest concludes that "Romania will agree with the USSR on major differences with China."
January 25, 1982	Appendix to 'Some New Phenomena in the Chinese Pursuit to Differentiate Socialist Countries' Summary of Chinese foreign relations with socialist countries and anti-Soviet policy.
October 31, 1988	Memorandum, 'Re: Chinese Views on Some Aspects of Hungarian and Soviet Reform Policies' The Hungarian Ministry of the Interior weighs how China views the ongoing reforms in Hungary.
November 22, 1963	Cable from the Foreign Ministry, 'Indicating the Spirit of Ambassadors’ Talks with the Romanian Side' The Chinese Foreign Ministry lays out China's policies toward Romania in the context of the Sino-Soviet split.
March 6, 1963	Cable from the Chinese Embassy in Romania, 'Some Reflections on Romania’s Approach to Combating Revisionism' The Chinese Embassy in Bucharest reports on Romanian-Yugoslav relations.
February 19, 1964	Cable from Hao Deqing to the International Liaison Department, 'The Korean Workers' Party Received a Letter from the Romanian Communist Party' Hao Deqing reports from North Korea that the Romanians are making an effort to resolve the Sino-Soviet dispute.
August 3, 1964	Comrade Zhou Enlai, Comrade Peng Zhen Receive Tran Tu Binh, Vietnam’s Ambassador to China; Nesti Nase, Albania’s Ambassador to China; and Pak Se-chang, Korea’s Ambassador to China The meeting was among leaders from China, Vietnam, North Korea and Albania in 1964. They discussed Soviet-Romanian relations and plans to support Romania.
June 18, 1980	East German Record of a Meeting of Delegation Leaders at the Eleventh Interkit Meeting in Poland This record of a meeting of the delegation leaders attending the 11th Interkit meeting addresses China's strategy in the area of international relations. The document expresses concern regarding Beijing's policies and calls for unity among the Communist countries. International issues discussed include Soviet-Korean relations, i.e., the Belgrade meeting between Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev and his Korean counterpart Kim Il Sung. Conditions in Albania, Romania, and Yugoslavia, and the positions of these countries within the Communist bloc, are critically assessed. Another topic is the improvement of anti-Maoist propaganda.
December 1978	East German Report on the Tenth Interkit Meeting in Havana, December 1978 This report, issued after the tenth Interkit meeting in Havana, addresses China's domestic and foreign policies. China is said to be obstructing the process of international détente by developing relations with NATO and West Germany. The report condemns the Chinese interference in Romanian, Yugoslavian and Korean politics. The authors believe that China is trying to divide the Socialist countries into two opposing groups. The newly intensified Chinese-US relations are criticized, as is China's policy of allowing more Western influence to shape its domestic policies and economic strategies.
May 21, 1973	Sixth Interkit Meeting, Record of Meetings with Oleg Rakhmanin and Konstantin Katushev These are the records of two meetings on the occasion of the Sixth Interkit Meeting. The first of these involves a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), Oleg Rakhmanin, while the second is a meeting with the secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU, Konstantin Katushev. Both address relations between China and the Soviet Union. The documents discuss the Sino-Soviet border clashes, the Soviet security policy in the Far East and Siberia, and the position of countries such as Yugoslavia, Romania, and Albania, as well as the critical situation in Vietnam and Cambodia.