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Russian Afghanistan--History--Soviet occupation, 1979-1989 Clear All

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South Asia

Afghanistan

Afghan resistance fighters return to a village destroyed by Soviet forces

Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Andrei Gromyko at the UN, 1981

Gromyko, Andrei Andreevich

1909- 1989

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931- 2022

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Andropov, Yuri Vladimirovich

1914- 1984

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Najibullah, Mohammad

1947- 1996

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Ustinov, Dimitri F.

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North America

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Leonid Brezhnev, 1974.

Brezhnev, Leonid Il'ich

1906- 1982

President Ronald Reagan, Vice-President Bush, and oviet General Secretary Gorbachev

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Middle East

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November 13, 1986	Politburo on Afghanistan The Politburo discuss the need for Soviet troops to withdraw from Afghanistan, the best way to do that, and set up a time table to withdraw troops.
January 1, 1981	Autobiographical Notes Davlatali Fayzamievich Bobiev Account of Bobiev's service in Afghanistan, including at the Khayraton-Kabul highway and Balkh province.
March 14, 1985	Memorandum of Conversation Between M. S. Gorbachev and General Secretary of the CC NDPA [National Democratic Party of Afghanistan], Chairman of the Revolutionary Council of DRA [Democratic Republic of Afghanistan] B. Karmal. Gorbachev and Chairman Karmal discuss the future of Afghanistan with less intervention from the Soviets.
May 17, 1989	Diary of Teimuraz Stepanov-Mamaladze, 17 May 1989 Teimuraz Stepanov-Mamaladze diary entry, describing negotiations between China and a USSR delegation. The negotiations cover border issues, Soviet assistance in improving relations between India and Nepal, and Afghanistan, among other issues. Following the negotiations, Mamaladze describes protesters, "two hundred thousand strong," and notes that the movement has grown beyond just students.
July 2, 1987	Record of Conversation between M.S. Gorbachev and Prime Minister R. Gandhi Gorbachev and Rajiv Gandhi meet to discuss various issues. Begin by noting the effect of Western radio propaganda within both India and Soviet Union. Gorbachev notes the "voices" of Western radio stations broadcasting in the Soviet Union, aiming to undermine perestroika. After touching on economic initiatives in India, Gandhi singles out, among problems in India, the "weakening of public morals." Blames this problem on the "onslaught of the Western--and first and foremost, American-- mass media." Both sides criticize militarism at base of US foreign policy, and US emphasis on rolling back communism. Conversation concludes with analysis of Afghanistan situation; Gorbachev explains measure USSR is taking to solidify Afghan government, and Gandhi recommends caution when dealing with tribal factor in Afghanistan. Both sides speak on Pakistan's reaction to situation.
May 1987	Plan of Negotiations between M.S. Gorbachev and the President of the United States of America, R. Reagan before the first trip to Washington Soviet plan for negotiations between Gorbachev and Reagan. Topics covered include peacemaking efforts in the Near East, nuclear limitation, and the issue of Afghanistan.
December 4, 1979	Telegram from Chief Soviet Military Adviser, 'Report from Kabul' H. Amin requests subunits of Soviet Internal Troops capable of keeping order in the northern regions together with the DRA people’s militia.
December 2, 1979	Telegram from Chief Soviet Military Adviser, 'Report from Kabul' H. Amin requests that the Soviet government send one reinforced regiment to Badakhshan.
September 2, 1989	Letter from Ahmad Shah Masoud to Soviet First Deputy Foreign Minister and Special Afghanistan Envoy Yuli Vorontsov Afghan opposition leader Ahmad Shah Masoud sends a defiant letter in response to Soviet overtures.
January 24, 1989	Minutes of CPSU Central Committee Politburo, 'Measures in Connection with the Upcoming Withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan' (Excerpt) List of measures to support the Afghan military following the withdrawal of Soviet troops, especially the vital suppy route of the Kabul-Hayraton highway.