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Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

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Eastern Europe

Romania

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Sino-Soviet Relations

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

Nicolae Ceausescu, 1974

Ceaușescu, Nicolae

1918- 1989

Trade agreement between European Economic Community and China

China-Europe Relations

Pyongyang photographed in March 20212

East Asia

North Korea

The Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum in Hanoi, Vietnam, 2012.

Southeast Asia

Vietnam

Zhao Ziyang on a tour of East Germany in June 1987.

China-Eastern Europe Relations

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

Zhou, Enlai

1898- 1976

Photo of Ion Gheorghe Maurer

Maurer, Ion Gheorghe

1902- 2000

Conversations with Zhou Enlai

North Korea-China friendship celebrated at the DPRK mass games

China-North Korea Relations

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Poland. Embassy (Romania)

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Deng Xiaoping, 1979.

Deng, Xiaoping

1904- 1997

Nikita Khrushchev at the UNGA, 1962.

Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich

1894- 1971

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December 18, 1972	Analysis of Romanian-Chinese Relations by the East German Embassy in Bucharest This analysis examines the intensification of Romanian-Chinese relations after 1971. The document explains why relations between Romania and China can pose problems. It discusses similarities between China's and Romania's domestic and foreign policies and relates these similarities to the nationalist course of the Romanian Communist Party. Romania supposedly sees a role for China within the UN as a counterbalance to the Soviet Union. The author disagrees with the Romanian position regarding German reunification and a European conference on security and cooperation.
June 22, 1971	Report by the Third Secretary of the Bulgarian Embassy in Pyongyang, Zahary Ianakiev, to Bulgarian Ambassador Yancho Georgiev Concerning Ceauşescu's Visit to China Ianakiev gives an account of Ceauşescu's visit to China, mentioning China's agreement to lend Romania US$230 million and reporting that Ceauşescu's visit to Vietnam is to be postponed.
June 11, 1971	GDR Embassy in Bucharest, 'Assessment regarding the Visit by the Party and Government Delegation of the RSR under the Leadership of Gen. Ceauşescu to the PR China from June 1 to June 9, 1971' This document examines the visit of the general secretary of the Romanian Communist Party, Nicolae Ceauşescu, to China. This visit is seen by East Germany as evidence of anti-Soviet sentiments. The Romanian endorsement of Chinese politics is strongly criticized, as it is seen to strengthen China's position and to weaken the cohesion of the Warsaw Pact. Ceauşescu's visit to China is said to have met with a positive response in the US.
August 20, 1979	Information Regarding the Meeting and Conversation in the Crimea of L. I. Brezhnev with N. Ceausescu, on 1 August 1979 V.I Potapov informs on the discussion between Brezhnev and Ceausescu in Crimea in 1979. The Soviets are worried about the separate course followed by the RCP leadership with regards to domestic and international issues. Topics involve the Soviet criticism of the publications of the SRR regarding the Moldavian “territorial question”, the attitude of the Romanian leaders towards the Warsaw Treaty Organization, and towards the Chinese problem.
May 16, 1979	Conspect of Conversations with Cde. V. I. Potapov, Head of the Romania Sector of the CPSU CC Section V.I Potapov informs on foreign and domestic policies of the Romanian leadership, including the education of the population in a nationalist and anti-Russian spirit, publications describing Russo-Romanian and Soviet-Romanian relations regarding Moldova, the anti-Soviet course of the Romanian leadership abroad, including the pursuit of separate relations with China. Soviet representatives claim that Ceausescu is the principal animator of the RCP’s separate course, which he wishes to use to consolidate his power.
October 27, 1978	Conspect of Conversations with V. I. Potapov, Chief of Romanian Sector of CPSU CC Section V.I Potapov informs about a visit to Bucharest of the CPSU delegation led by A. A. Gromyko and the discussions regarding the “Bessarabian question,” criticism of the CPSU regarding RSR’s relations with the USA and NATO and independent relations with China, RSR’s distancing from the Soviet Union and the other socialist countries in terms of foreign policy.
June 27, 1978	Exposition of the Conversations with Cde. V. I. Potapov, Chief of the Romanian Sector of the CPSU CC Briefing given by V. I. Potapov on the dispute between the USSR and the SSR regarding the historical treatment of Soviet-Romanian relations. The SSR was accused of pursuing an independent foreign policy and offering a bad example for other socialist countries. Some issues examined were: the Romanian position in the Belgrade Negotiations, the RCP attitude towards “Eurocommunism," the Romanian position towards Africa, the Middle East and China and the Moldavian question.
July 26, 1965	Stenographic Transcript of Discussions Held with Chinese Communist Party Delegation to the 9th Congress of Romanian Communist Party The meeting focuses on disagreements between the Chinese and Soviets regarding the Vietnam War and general support to the North Vietnamese. The two sides also discuss general relations among the Warsaw Pact countries.
August 22, 1963	Memorandum of Conversation between Soviet Ambassador to North Korea Vasily Moskovsky and Romanian Ambassador to North Korea [M.] Bodnaras [1] The Romanian Ambassador in North Korea informs Soviet Ambassador Moskovsky about his recent conversation with Kim Il Sung in which Kim commented on North Korea's relations with China and the Soviet Union.
August 4, 1971	Minutes of the Joint Meeting of the Central Committee and the Ministers’ Council These notes discuss foreign policy issues related to China, Hungary, the Soviet Union, and Romania. To quote the document itself, it "was a bilateral discussion of the internal situation of fraternal Parties and countries, and later an exchange of opinion on contemporary foreign policy questions and the problems of the international workers’ movement."