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Truman with Attlee and Stalin at Potsdam

Cold War Origins

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin, Joseph

1879- 1953

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Eastern Europe

Bulgaria

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin and the Cold War

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Western Europe

Germany

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Molotov, Vyacheslav Mikhaylovich

1890- 1986

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Western Europe

France

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Western Europe

Great Britain

Intelligence Operations in the Cold War

Todor Zhivkov Collection

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Churchill, Winston

1874- 1965

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Bulgaria. Ministry of Defense

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Leont’ev, L. A.

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Eden, Anthony, Earl of Avon

1897- 1977

Soviet Nuclear History

Soviet Foreign Policy

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October 10, 1944	Record of Meeting at the Kremlin, Moscow on 10 October 1944, at 7 p.m. Eden and Molotov discuss the post-war situation in the Balkans, the installment of a Control Commission to influence Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, Yugoslavia and Germany as well as the dividing of these countries and which Great Power should exert control on each country.
October 9, 1944	Record of Meeting at the Kremlin, Moscow, 9 October 1944, at 10 p.m. Churchill, Eden, Stalin, and Molotov discuss the leadership in Poland, Britains interests in Greece and Hong Kong, the actions of Romania and Bulgaria during the war, Turkey, the need for the Great Powers to exert influence on the Balkans to prevent small wars, the leadership of Italy, interests in Bulgaria and Romania, the dividing of Germany and Germany's future, and the American plans in the war against Japan.
September 1944	Memorandum by George Kennan , 'Russia – Seven Years Later' (excerpt) George Kennan describes Stalin's character, underlining the importance of his nationality, ignorance of the west, and his seclusion. Kennan further warns that Stalin's advisors are not interested in collaborating with western democracies, and that Russia's internal police regime is developed beyond its foreign policy.
January 20, 1953	Eisenhower's Inaugural Address Eisenhower's presidential inaugural address after his election in 1952.
April 14, 1950	National Security Council Report, NSC 68, 'United States Objectives and Programs for National Security' On US national security policy at the beginning of the Cold War. Includes an assessment of the conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union, as well as US and Soviet nuclear weapons capabilities.
December 10, 1948	Central Intelligence Agency Memorandum for the President on the Situation in Berlin CIA Memorandum for President Truman on US position on Soviet actions in Berlin.
September 28, 1948	Central Intelligence Agency Report, "Consequences of a Breakdown in Four-Power Negotiations on Germany" Summarizes Soviet objectives and strategies in entering into Four-Power discussions about Berlin and Germany.
June 14, 1948	Central Intelligence Agency Report, "Effects of Soviet Restrictions on the US Position in Berlin" Describes effect of Soviet restrictive measures in Berlin on US intelligence and propaganda activities and on operations of the joint military government.
June 5, 1947	Speech by US Secretary of State George C. Marshall, 'The Marshall Plan' Speech in which George C. Marshall lays out the "Marshall Plan" for US aid to assist in the re-building of post-war Europe.
March 12, 1947	Truman Doctrine, 'Recommendations for Assistance to Greece and Turkey' Truman's speech to Congress in which he laid the foundations of the Truman Doctrine by stating that the United States would support Greece and Turkey in order to prevent them from under the sway of the Soviet Union. This speech is often cited as the beginning of the Cold War, and US containment policy.